高速列车紧急制动距离参数设计浅论

介绍了典型国家高速列车紧急制动距离参数情况;阐述了列车制动动能及轮轨黏着对紧急制动距离参数影响的基本情况;分析比较了典型国家高速列车紧急制动距离参数及设计条件的差异;总结了改善紧急制动距离参数的几种常用措施,如增黏、非黏制动等;提出了我国高速列车紧急制动距离参数设计中应适当增加非黏制动的建议。     

HX_D3型机车黏着能力不足的问题及对策

以恒功准恒速交流传动HXD3型机车为例,通过对机车黏着牵引特性分析,重点同SS4型机车进行了对比;分析了下雨时机车牵引力的下降幅度问题,分析HXD3机车黏着性能的优缺点,找出HXD3机车运缓、坡停高发的两个重要原因,并提出具体措施和建议。     

疏浚土的附着力特性试验研究

土的附着力是港航疏浚工程中一项重要技术指标,它可为抓挖机械的选取及其操作技术提供合理建议,为航道、港池等开挖工程以及吹填工程提供设计与施工参数,但目前对其研究仍处初步阶段。通过对7种典型疏浚土进行物性试验与附着力试验,从土力学角度关联土的物理指标与附着力,从土质学角度探讨土的粘附机理。结果表明,土的黏粒含量越高,附着力越大。随着含水率的增加,附着力逐渐增大,当含水率接近液限时附着力达到峰值,此后逐渐减小。附着力的产生与变化机理主要是由于结合水性质与含量发生变化,进而引起接触物—水—土—电解质系统吸附力与解离力的产生、发展、平衡、破坏所导致。研究还表明,该区土在天然含水率状态下土的附着力在数值上约为其塑性指数的5倍。疏浚工程中,淤泥厚度大地区,可采取冲水条件下开挖;含较多砾、砂、粉的土体可采取增加排水措施,用以提高掘进与排泥速率。     

低温聚合物导电银浆膜层性能影响因素研究

通过不同种类及含量的片状银粉、片状镍粉、氯醋树脂等混合,其与助剂、有机溶剂等以一定配比轧制出不同组合的低温聚合物导电银浆.将银浆固化在PET膜片上,用扫描电镜表征银浆固化后的表面及断面形貌,并主要对导电膜层导电性能、附着力进行检测.结果表明:在一定导电相含量范围内,含量≤4％片状镍粉的加入不影响银浆的导电性能,同时降低...     

汽车悬架动载性能检测与理论分析

本文介绍了表征汽车路面附着性的车轮接地性指数的定义、测量方法和测量设备以及在欧洲通用的评价准则，给出了车轮接地性指数的解析表达式。利用汽车的1／4振动模型，通过计算机数字仿真，分析了汽车簧上质量与簧下质量的比值，减振器效能的损失、轮胎刚度和汽车载荷等对车轮接地性指数的影响。     

Design and optimisation of wheel–rail profiles for adhesion improvement

This paper describes a study for the optimisation of the wheel profile in the wheel–rail system to increase the overall level of adhesion available at the contact interface, in particular to investigate how the wheel and rail profile combination may be designed to ensure the improved delivery of tractive/braking forces even in poor contact conditions. The research focuses on the geometric combination of both wheel and rail profiles to establish how the contact interface may be optimised to increase the adhesion level, but also to investigate how the change in the property of the contact mechanics at the wheel–rail interface may also lead to changes in the vehicle dynamic behaviour.     

智能可变轮胎附着力系统的设计与应用

通过检测车轮速度及踩踏制动踏板的急缓程度,由电控单元判断,若是在紧急制动的情况下,控制电磁线圈通电,电磁作用使安装在轮辋上的泄气电磁阀动作,轮胎泄压,瞬间增大轮胎与地面的附着力,从而缩短制动距离;若是在冰雪、泥泞等特殊路面上,由电控单元通过电磁线圈控制泄气电磁阀,使轮胎泄半压,增大轮胎与地面的附着力,提高车辆的加速和制动性能,保持方向稳定。当紧急制动或特殊路面的情况消失之后,安装在轮辋上的充气阀将自动充气到轮胎的正常气压,并自动停止。     

Creep force modelling for rail traction vehicles based on the Fastsim algorithm

The evaluation of creep forces is a complex task and their calculation is a time-consuming process for multibody simulation (MBS). A methodology of creep forces modelling at large traction creepages has been proposed by Polach [Creep forces in simulations of traction vehicles running on adhesion limit. Wear. 2005;258:992–1000; Influence of locomotive tractive effort on the forces between wheel and rail. Veh Syst Dyn. 2001(Suppl);35:7–22] adapting his previously published algorithm [Polach O. A fast wheel–rail forces calculation computer code. Veh Syst Dyn. 1999(Suppl);33:728–739]. The most common method for creep force modelling used by software packages for MBS of running dynamics is the Fastsim algorithm by Kalker [A fast algorithm for the simplified theory of rolling contact. Veh Syst Dyn. 1982;11:1–13]. However, the Fastsim code has some limitations which do not allow modelling the creep force – creep characteristic in agreement with measurements for locomotives and other high-power traction vehicles, mainly for large traction creep at low-adhesion conditions. This paper describes a newly developed methodology based on a variable contact flexibility increasing with the ratio of the slip area to the area of adhesion. This variable contact flexibility is introduced in a modification of Kalker's code Fastsim by replacing the constant Kalker's reduction factor, widely used in MBS, by a variable reduction factor together with a slip-velocity-dependent friction coefficient decreasing with increasing global creepage. The proposed methodology is presented in this work and compared with measurements for different locomotives. The modification allows use of the well recognised Fastsim code for simulation of creep forces at large creepages in agreement with measurements without modifying the proven modelling methodology at small creepages.     

三角形坐标系下沥青组分与粘度、粘附性关系

为研究沥青的组分和组分构成关系对沥青技术性质的影响, 选用13种道路石油沥青和2种集料, 采用四组分、表观粘度与粘附性试验研究了沥青组分与粘度、粘附性之间的关系。提出了三角形坐标系下的沥青四组分试验结果表征方法, 采用沥青四组分数据绘制沥青特征三角形, 利用惯性矩反映沥青的组分构成特征, 分析了沥青四组分数据构成的三棱锥几何特性与粘度、粘附性的联系。试验结果表明: 除沥青的组成成分之外, 沥青组成成分的结构差异也会影响其粘度及集料粘附性; 对于不同品牌而相同标号的沥青, 在三角形坐标系下, 沥青组分特征三角形的惯性矩越大, 与集料粘附性越好。     

客车制动力调节分析与优化建模设计

根据对汽车制动过程的受力分析,建立理想制动力I曲线,初步确定前后轴制动力分配比,据ECE制动法规优化建模后,最终确定最佳制动力分配比,进而选定制动阀。