机车整车动态试验检测装置代替机车线路运行试验若干问题的探讨

阐述利用机车整车试验动态检测装置代替机车线路运行试验的必要性、可行性和发展过程。分析比较机车试验台轨道型式、轨道轮直径和黏着系数的适用条件。推荐机车试验台的试验内容和方法。     

A locomotive–track coupled vertical dynamics model with gear transmissions

A gear transmission system is a key element in a locomotive for the transmission of traction or braking forces between the motor and the wheel–rail interface. Its dynamic performance has a direct effect on the operational reliability of the locomotive and its components. This paper proposes a comprehensive locomotive–track coupled vertical dynamics model, in which the locomotive is driven by axle-hung motors. In this coupled dynamics model, the dynamic interactions between the gear transmission system and the other components, e.g. motor and wheelset, are considered based on the detailed analysis of its structural properties and working mechanism. Thus, the mechanical transmission system for power delivery from the motor to the wheelset via gear transmission is coupled with a traditional locomotive–track dynamics system via the wheel–rail contact interface and the gear mesh interface. This developed dynamics model enables investigations of the dynamic performance of the entire dynamics system under the excitations from the wheel–rail contact interface and/or the gear mesh interface. Dynamic interactions are demonstrated by numerical simulations using this dynamics model. The results indicate that both of the excitations from the wheel–rail contact interface and the gear mesh interface have a significant effect on the dynamic responses of the components in this coupled dynamics system.     

一种提高SS4B型机车整流装置可靠性的新方法

分析SS4B型机车整流装置在运用过程中各支路元件的负荷情况,指出其设计上的缺陷,并提出一种加装均流电抗器和去除设计不合理的多余元件的方法,以提高整流装置的可靠性。     

基于加速度微分粘着控制方法的仿真研究

为有效提高机车牵引性能,减少机车空转/滑行现象,提高旅客乘坐舒适度,首先分析了机车轮轨间粘着特性,通过对机车运动方程和电机运动方程的推导,提出了一种新的基于加速度微分的粘着控制方法,运用MATLAB/Simulink仿真验证了其有效性。     

城市轨道车辆的粘着利用与节能

轮轨间的最佳粘着利用对城市轨道车辆节能起着重要作用.本文分析了城市轨道车辆的粘着特点,提出了改善其粘着利用的途径,并指出了装设粘控装置能实现最佳粘着利用,收到良好的节能效果.     

利多卡因对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠海马组织细胞间黏附分子-1及核转录因子-κB表达的影响

目的观察利多卡因对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后海马组织细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)及核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)蛋白和mRNA表达的影响,探讨利多卡因脑保护作用的机制。方法雄性SD大鼠32只,随机分为假手术组(A组)、缺血再灌注组(B组)、利多卡因小剂量组(C组)和利多卡因大剂量组(D组),缺血前10 min腹腔注射。脑缺血10 min再灌注24 h时,断头处死大鼠。用RT-PCR技术检测海马组织ICAM-1及NF-κB mRNA的表达,用免疫组织化学、蛋白印记(Western blot)方法检测ICAM-1及NF-κB蛋白表达情况。结果脑缺血再灌注后海马组织ICAM-1和NF-κB mRNA及蛋白表达水平增高,利多卡因可下调ICAM-1及NF-κB表达;缺血再灌注后,海马区神经元出现明显坏死,利多卡因可减轻海马区神经元损伤。结论利多卡因可能通过抑制ICAM-1与NF-κB基因表达而对脑缺血再灌注损伤起到一定的保护作用。     

基于组合校正的城市轨道交通列车轮轨黏着控制方法研究

为提高城市轨道交通列车轮轨黏着力的控制,针对传统组合校正法存在的缺点,对参考速度进行延时补偿、筛选及步长限制,尽可能保证参考速度的准确性;对加速度提取采用低通加高通滤波器的方法,以降低噪声影响;黏着控制过程中,根据设定周期时间内速度差估算当前轨面黏着情况,实时调整下一周期判据阈值;根据上一调节周期触发空转时刻锁存转矩和当前加速度,以及转速差采用分段斜率的方法进行转矩调节。试验结果表明:上述控制方法转矩波动小,列车运行平稳,黏着利用率得到有效提高。     

复杂运行环境下高速轮轨最佳撒砂增黏策略试验

在车轮-钢轨高速接触疲劳试验机上开展水、油和树叶等污染下的高速低黏着和增黏试验,通过最高速度200km·h-1的对滚试验,测得不同第三介质条件下的轮轨黏着-蠕滑特性曲线,研究增黏砂粒径和撒砂量对增黏效果的影响。结果表明:喷撒增黏砂可有效恢复各种污染下的轮轨黏着水平,使200km·h-1下轮轨黏着系数保持在0.18以上,低速下更高;增黏砂粒径在0.4~1.0mm范围内增大或撒砂量在40~100g·min-1范围内增加时,增黏效果均稍稍增强,综合考虑确定试验机的最佳撒砂量为40g·min-1、最佳粒径为0.85~1.0mm;考虑试验机与现场轮轨系统的尺寸差异、运行时复杂气流所致砂粒损失及适当冗余度等因素,建议现场最佳撒砂量为115~175g·min-1、最佳粒径为1.0~2.0mm;喷撒增黏砂会造成车轮接触表面的麻坑损伤,也是造成现场车轮踏面常见麻坑损伤的根本原因。     

不同种类稀释沥青类雾封层材料路用性能对比

结合广东地区市政道路预防性养护工程,对比分析了3种稀释沥青类雾封层材料的基础性能、黏附性、对旧沥青再生效果和对混合料性能的影响,并评价了试验路段的实施效果。结果表明:稀释沥青类雾封层材料可以有效再生老化沥青,提高混合料的水稳定性和抗松散性能,修复微小裂缝,防止骨料松散脱落,同时改善路面封水效果,提高路面美观性。     

Evaluation of odometry algorithm performances using a railway vehicle dynamic model

In modern railway Automatic Train Protection and Automatic Train Control systems, odometry is a safety relevant on-board subsystem which estimates the instantaneous speed and the travelled distance of the train; a high reliability of the odometry estimate is fundamental, since an error on the train position may lead to a potentially dangerous overestimation of the distance available for braking. To improve the odometry estimate accuracy, data fusion of different inputs coming from a redundant sensor layout may be used. Simplified two-dimensional models of railway vehicles have been usually used for Hardware in the Loop test rig testing of conventional odometry algorithms and of on-board safety relevant subsystems (like the Wheel Slide Protection braking system) in which the train speed is estimated from the measures of the wheel angular speed. Two-dimensional models are not suitable to develop solutions like the inertial type localisation algorithms (using 3D accelerometers and 3D gyroscopes) and the introduction of Global Positioning System (or similar) or the magnetometer. In order to test these algorithms correctly and increase odometry performances, a three-dimensional multibody model of a railway vehicle has been developed, using Matlab-Simulink?, including an efficient contact model which can simulate degraded adhesion conditions (the development and prototyping of odometry algorithms involve the simulation of realistic environmental conditions). In this paper, the authors show how a 3D railway vehicle model, able to simulate the complex interactions arising between different on-board subsystems, can be useful to evaluate the odometry algorithm and safety relevant to on-board subsystem performances.