Quasi steady-state aerodynamic model development for race vehicle simulations

Presented in this paper is a procedure to develop a high fidelity quasi steady-state aerodynamic model for use in race car vehicle dynamic simulations. Developed to fit quasi steady-state wind tunnel data, the aerodynamic model is regressed against three independent variables: front ground clearance, rear ride height, and yaw angle. An initial dual range model is presented and then further refined to reduce the model complexity while maintaining a high level of predictive accuracy. The model complexity reduction decreases the required amount of wind tunnel data thereby reducing wind tunnel testing time and cost. The quasi steady-state aerodynamic model for the pitch moment degree of freedom is systematically developed in this paper. This same procedure can be extended to the other five aerodynamic degrees of freedom to develop a complete six degree of freedom quasi steady-state aerodynamic model for any vehicle.     

Design of passive vehicle suspensions for maximal least damping ratio

This paper studies the use of the least damping ratio among system poles as a performance metric in passive vehicle suspensions. Methods are developed which allow optimal solutions to be computed in terms of non-dimensional quantities in a quarter-car vehicle model. Solutions are provided in graphical form for convenient use across vehicle types. Three suspension arrangements are studied: the standard suspension involving a parallel spring and damper and two further suspension arrangements involving an inerter. The key parameters for the optimal solutions are the ratios of unsprung mass to sprung mass and suspension static stiffness to tyre vertical stiffness. A discussion is provided of performance trends in terms of the key parameters. A comparison is made with the optimisation of ride comfort and tyre grip metrics for various vehicle types.     

桥梁隔震设计中几种等效线性化方法比较研究

对LRB桥梁设计领域中流行的几种等效线性化方法进行了研究。对各个方法的等效刚度与等效阻尼比的计算进行了比较,确定了其参数敏感性,并对导致其不同的原因进行了初步分析,并分别比较了传统的经典阻尼理论与最新的模态应变能理论求解隔震系统阻尼比的计算方法。针对系统阻尼对桥梁设计反应谱的影响,列举了包括直接位移法在内的几个影响系数计算公式,分析了其中的异同。以一座实桥为例,通过与非线性时程分析比较,对各个等效线性化方法进行了评价。所有的方法大部分情况下均高估了结构的位移响应,即均低估了结构的阻尼。不同方法对结构力与力矩响应的评估水平不同,但是对隔震设计均能起到较好的指导意义。     

旋转车轮对汽车外部复杂流场的影响

车轮影响着整个汽车的外流场特性,车体周围的流场由于旋转车轮的存在而复杂化。通过对带有车轮的汽车模型进行数值模拟计算．比较无车轮、静止车轮和旋转车轮的计算结果,得到旋转车轮对汽车的尾涡结构、气动阻力和气动升力有重要影响。车轮在汽车外部复杂流场的数值计算中不能被忽略。     

斜拉桥地震响应分析中比例阻尼参考振型的选取

为了研究比例阻尼参考振型选取对斜拉桥地震响应分析结果的影响,应用考虑结构阻尼比分布影响的振型应变能比例阻尼理论,选取不同Rayleigh阻尼比参考振型进行了比较分析。根据反应谱的概念提出了一种比例阻尼参考振型选取的重要度指标,应用应变能比例阻尼理论得到振型阻尼比,将其作为已知条件,以杭州湾跨海大桥北航道桥设计方案(斜拉桥)为背景,研究了比例阻尼参考振型选取的重要度指标及其适用性。结果表明:大跨度斜拉桥阻尼比组成复杂,各阶振型的阻尼比差别较大,分布很不均匀,很难利用少数几个参考振型的阻尼比全面反映斜拉桥的阻尼比特性。     

整流罩组合措施外形对Π形叠合梁斜拉桥涡振性能的影响

某大跨度Π形钢-混叠合梁斜拉桥存在常遇风速下的涡激振动。为了抑制涡激振动,通过1∶50节段模型风洞试验,针对-5°最不利风攻角工况,开展了涡振性能优化研究。试验对导流板、裙板、下稳定板、风障与整流罩等单一气动措施的制振效果进行了研究,试验结果表明,只有下中央稳定板能在0.65%的阻尼比条件下,将主梁的竖弯与扭转涡振振幅同时降低50%以上。据此开展了以下中央稳定板为中心的组合气动措施研究,发现整流罩与下中央稳定板的组合气动措施能将主梁的竖弯与扭转涡振振幅同时降低75%以上。在此基础上,研究了整流罩竖直板高度与下中央稳定板高度对该组合气动措施制振能力的影响,发现在一定高度范围内,增加整流罩竖直板与下中央稳定板高度均能有效提高组合措施的制振能力,通过优化了该组合气动措施的气动外形,组合措施能够完全消除Π形叠合梁在不同风攻角(0.65%阻尼比)下的涡激振动。最后,采用计算流体动力学的方法,对该气动措施的制振机理进行了研究,计算结果表明：优化后的整流罩组合措施能够同时降低主梁上下表面旋涡脱落尺寸,显著减小主梁受到的周期性非定常气动力,从而达到抑制主梁涡振的效果;若同时降低整流罩竖直板高度与下中央...     

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyurethane and Epoxy Resin Interpenetrating Polymer Network

A series of Polyurethane (PU)/bisphenol A based Epoxy Resin (EP) Interpenetrating Polymer Networks(IPN) were synthesized and characterized by SEM, DSC, TGA and DMTA. It was found that IPN shows the best compatibility and damping properties when the ratio of PU/EP is 80 to 20. The results show that chain-extender and higher molecular weight of PPG are able to improve the properties of compatibility, damping and thermal properties.     

金属弹簧电流变隔振器动特性试验研究

利用电流变液体（ERF）的可调阻尼特性,设计了一种金属弹簧电流变隔振器并阐述了它的工作原理,通过对简化力学模型的理论分析和隔振器试验研究,发现隔振系统的动特性对结构参数非常敏感,过高或过低的系统弹簧刚度均小利于发挥电流变效应。     

窄悬索桥气动稳定性的风洞试验研究

对于处于西部山区复杂风环境中的窄悬索桥,为了确保其气动稳定性及研究提高气动稳定性的措施,制作了弹簧悬挂模型在长安大学CA-1风洞实验室中进行风洞试验.试验结果表明,该桥气动不稳定,必须改变原始设计以提高结构刚度、确保结构安全.考虑到桥梁使用功能和构造的限制,对原桥采取增加抗风缆和中央扣等措施,并对增加了措施的模型重新进...     

双横臂扭杆弹簧悬架系统空间结构非线性特性的建模与分析

利用空问解析几何方法,建立了考虑导向杆件、弹性元件和阻尼元件的空间结构、空间姿态和空间尺寸的具有三维空间结构的转向轮的双横臂扭杆弹簧悬架系统的数学模型,研究该悬架的空间结构非线性阻尼和非线性刚度特性.分析结果表明:该悬架系统的等效阻尼和等效刚度具有明显的空间结构非线性特征.