Cycling provision separated from motor traffic: a systematic review exploring whether stated preferences vary by gender and age

In this paper, we represent a systematic review of stated preference studies examining the extent to which cycle infrastructure preferences vary by gender and by age. A search of online, English-language academic and policy literature was followed by a three-stage screening process to identify relevant studies. We found 54 studies that investigated whether preferences for cycle infrastructure varied by gender and/or by age. Forty-four of these studies considered the extent of separation from motor traffic. The remainder of the studies covered diverse topics, including preferred winter maintenance methods and attitudes to cycle track lighting. We found that women reported stronger preferences than men for greater separation from motor traffic. There was weaker evidence of stronger preferences among older people. Differences in preferences were quantitative rather than qualitative; that is, preferences for separated infrastructure were stronger in some groups than in others, but no group preferred integration with motor traffic. Thus, in low-cycling countries seeking to increase cycling, this evidence suggests focusing on the stronger preferences of under-represented groups as a necessary element of universal design for cycling.     

高等级公路沉降分析

通过对经常发生的路基沉降进行了分析,提出了一系列相应的预防和控制措施。     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF COCHLEAR HAIR CELL LOSS IN THE GUINEA PIG

ＺｈｕＨｏｎｇｌｉａｎｇ（朱宏亮）ＥＸＰＥＲＩＭＥＮＴＡＬＳＴＵＤＹＯＦＣＯＣＨＬＥＡＲＨＡＩＲＣＥＬＬＬＯＳＳＩＮＴＨＥＧＵＩＮＥＡＰＩＧＺｈｕＨｏｎｇｌｉａｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＯｔｏｌａｒｙｎｇｏｌｏｇｙ．ＦｉｒｓｔＡｆｆｉｌｉａｔｅｄ...     

确定大巴山隧道地下水年龄的逆统计模型

本文论述了地下水年龄计算的逆统计模型 (ISM)的原理与方法 ,并将该模型用于大巴山隧道地下水年龄估算。计算显示隧址区地下水平均年龄介于 4 5～ 75年之间 ,南坡 (5 5～ 75年 )高于北坡 (4 5～ 6 0年 )说明后者的水力传导性优于前者。该模型既考虑了基岩裂隙介质中地下水流普遍存在的水动力弥散作用的影响 ,又能使地下水年龄计算较之传统的同位素数学物理模型更为简便 ,具有实用价值。     

路面混凝土弯拉强度及弹性模量的试验研究

通过对不同强度等级下的混凝土小梁试件进行各龄期的弯拉强度和弯拉弹性模量的试验研究，加强时路面混凝土力学性能厦其发展规律的认识，可为混凝土路面设计与施工的路面质量评定提供参考，同时可为确定道路最佳开放交通时间提供依据。     

舰船交流岸电电源剖析

本文基于对舰船交流岸电电源现况的分析,指出了现今我国绝大部分岸电电源存在的主要问题:一是交流岸电电源采用三相四线制,而舰船电网电源采用三相三线制,两者线制不匹配;二是交流岸电电源没有稳压装置,不适应舰船电网品质要求.针对上述问题,作者进行了理论分析,并提出了解决方案,为舰船交流岸电电源的设计与建造提供了依据.     

Variation of whitecap coverage with wave-field conditions

Field observations were carried out at a sea observation tower to investigate how whitecap coverage on the ocean surface responds to wave-field conditions. Images of whitecaps were taken for every 4 h or 7 h in the daytime using a 3CCD digital video camera fixed at 14 m elevation, and they were stored automatically in a hard disk video recorder at a time interval of 1 s. The determination of whitecap coverage was made by means of a digital image processing. The 1/3 power of whitecap coverage increases linearly with increasing the 10-m neutral wind speed. On the basis of the deflection angle between the propagating directions of wind waves and swell, wave-field conditions are classified into four cases. The present results show that whitecaps are produced most actively under the condition of the pure windsea and they tend to be suppressed by the presence of swell. It is difficult to find a certain relation between the deflection angle and whitecap coverage. Whitecap coverage also increases with the wave age in the same wind-speed conditions.     

交通荷载作用下输油管线剩余强度计算分析

基于管线强度的衰退机理,综合分析输油管线剩余强度变化情况,构建在交通荷载作用下以竖向压力模型为基础的输油管线强度计算模型。针对兖州市输油管线的具体情况,运用Matlab软件和Excel软件分析比较不同管径下的输油管线挠度曲线和弯矩曲线,并对不同龄期的输油管线强度衰退的变化规律进行简单分析。     

红粘土地区有机质水泥土试验研究

水泥搅拌法因其良好的经济效应,被广泛地应用在地基处理方面。但由于人类的活动造成了大面积土地含有有机质,影响了水泥土桩的强度,对桂林某工地化粪池附近的桩体进行检测,因为该原因造成承载力不足就是很好的证明。通过室内试验,初步探讨了养护时间和养护环境对有机质水泥土强度的影响。试验研究表明:有机质水泥土强度会随着龄期而增长,前期增长速度快,而后期增长幅度则会减慢;有机质含量会影响压缩系数的大小;自然养护条件下有机质水泥土的抗剪强度和抗压强度比湿养和水养条件下的要高;试验中使用的外加剂可增加有机质水泥土的强度。     

掺合废弃钢渣的新型混合轻质砂土变形与强度特性试验研究

掺合钢渣的混合轻质砂土是一种新型混合土（LSBS）,在无侧限抗压试验基础上,研究了LSBS的应力应变特性,钢渣掺入比以及龄期对应力应变特性的影响规律,应力应变关系曲线的模型模拟;研究了破坏应变和变形系数随钢渣掺入比以及龄期的变化规律,分析了破坏应变以及变形系数与抗压强度的关系;得出了LSBS的应力应变之间呈现弹塑性特性,随着龄期的增长,前期的弹性模量、无侧限抗压强度和破坏应变都随之增大,养护龄期较长时钢渣才能表现水化作用,应力应变曲线符合相关性很高的抛物线模型,破坏应变和变形系数与抗压强度符合线性增长模型。研究结果表明,LSBS具有一定的轻质高强和延性好等特点,可用于路基工程。