考虑空车调配协调的货物列车开行方案优化研究

为实现空车调配与货物列车开行方案协调优化,结合基本运行图架构与车流径路,构建货运时空服务拓展网络。考虑配空与装卸取送、集编发等环节的时间接续要求,节点与区段不对流空车要求,以重车流全程运送与空车配送等广义总费用最少为目标,建立整数规划弧路模型。针对既有算法设计局限性,结合重车或空车配空的时间接续要求,提出将不同的 k 短路重车流方案与空车配空方案相关联的改进可行解构造方法,设计混合差分进化求解算法。实例研究表明,考虑空车调配进行重车、空车流组织协调优化,能够减少空车走行费用,及时满足装车需求,有效保证作业车流配合中转车流集结编组及时挂线,提高方案可实施性。     

点汇聚系统的航空器污染物减排效应与机理

为研究点汇聚系统的环境效益及减排机理,采用考虑气象条件修正后的航空器性能、燃油 流量及污染物计算模型,设计了理想条件下非高峰时刻与实际运行的高峰时刻两种场景,对比分 析了航空器在点汇聚系统与标准进场程序中污染物(即HC、CO、NOX、SOX和PM)的排放情况,并 从飞行时间、燃油消耗与排放指数3个方面分析了点汇聚系统的减排机理、识别了减排关键因素。 研究发现：在非高峰时刻,点汇聚系统与标准进场程序的污染物排放总量分别为5.79 kg与7.17 kg, 点汇聚系统较标准进场程序共减少约19.25%污染物排放,对NOX、SOX和PM减排效果显著;在高 峰时刻,点汇聚系统与标准进场程序的污染物排放总量分别为290.01 kg与406.69 kg,点汇聚系 统较标准进场程序共减少28.69%污染物排放,其中NOX减排比例最高可达48.32%。结果表明： 无论是非高峰时刻还是高峰时刻,点汇聚系统都具有良好的环境效益,可有效减少污染物的排放 总量,且对NOX减排效果最佳;较短的飞行时间、较低的燃油流量是点汇聚系统体现减排优势的 关键驱动因素。     

On the variance of recurrent traffic flow for statistical traffic assignment

This paper generalizes and extends classical traffic assignment models to characterize the statistical features of Origin-Destination (O-D) demands, link/path flow and link/path costs, all of which vary from day to day. The generalized statistical traffic assignment (GESTA) model has a clear multi-level variance structure. Flow variance is analytically decomposed into three sources, O-D demands, route choices and measurement errors. Consequently, optimal decisions on roadway design, maintenance, operations and planning can be made using estimated probability distributions of link/path flow and system performance. The statistical equilibrium in GESTA is mathematically defined. Its multi-level statistical structure well fits large-scale data mining techniques. The embedded route choice model is consistent with the settings of O-D demands considering link costs that vary from day to day. We propose a Method of Successive Averages (MSA) based solution algorithm to solve for GESTA. Its convergence and computational complexity are analyzed. Three example networks including a large-scale network are solved to provide insights for decision making and to demonstrate computational efficiency.     

A copula-based approach for estimating the travel time reliability of urban arterial

Estimating the travel time reliability (TTR) of urban arterial is critical for real-time and reliable route guidance and provides theoretical bases and technical support for sophisticated traffic management and control. The state-of-art procedures for arterial TTR estimation usually assume that path travel time follows a certain distribution, with less consideration about segment correlations. However, the conventional approach is usually unrealistic because an important feature of urban arterial is the dependent structure of travel times on continuous segments. In this study, a copula-based approach that incorporates the stochastic characteristics of segments travel time is proposed to model arterial travel time distribution (TTD), which serves as a basis for TTR quantification. First, segments correlation is empirically analyzed and different types of copula models are examined. Then, fitting marginal distributions for segment TTD is conducted by parametric and non-parametric regression analysis, respectively. Based on the estimated parameters of the models, the best-fitting copula is determined in terms of the goodness-of-fit tests. Last, the model is examined at two study sites with AVI data and NGSIM trajectory data, respectively. The results of path TTD estimation demonstrate the advantage of the proposed copula-based approach, compared with the convolution model without capturing segments correlation and the empirical distribution fitting methods. Furthermore, when considering the segments correlation effect, it was found that the estimated path TTR is more accurate than that by the convolution model.     

A novel approach for the modelling of air quality dynamics in underground railway stations

Indoor air quality in subterranean train stations is a concern in many places around the globe. However, due to the specificity of each case, numerous parameters of the problem remain unknown, such as the braking discs particle emission rate, the ventilation rate of the station or the complete particle size distribution of the emitted particles. In this study the problem of modelling PM₁₀ concentration evolution in relation with train traffic is hence addressed with a particle-mass conservation model which parameters are fitted using a genetic algorithm. The parameters of the model allow to reproduce the dynamics and amplitude of four field data sets from the French and Swedish underground contexts and comply with realistic bounds in terms of emissions, deposition and ventilation rate.     

烟台某工程循环水取、排水工程压水试验

为确定烟台某工程地基基岩的渗透特性,阐述水上岩体压水试验的主要操作过程、试验数据处理和试验结果分析评价方法．测定区域内的各岩层的透水率和渗透系数,给出不同风化程度岩层的渗透性评价,为设计提供防渗设计所需参数。     

客车空调智能控制系统的研制

基于模糊控制技术的客车窄调智能控制系统以AT89C52为微处理器,对车内外的温度、车内湿度以及车内空气中二氧化碳含量进行自动巡回监测,将测量结果送入串行模数转换器TLC1543转换成数字量送入单片机,通过计算输出相应的控制信号控制各个风门电机、热水阀、加湿阀和空气净化器进行协调动作,将车内空气控制在人体感觉舒适的范围内。     

公铁联运配送方案优化

为了提高公铁联运物流配送客户满意度和降低物流运输成本, 将物流配送过程中铁路物流配送中心、货运站(配送点)与收货点之间的路径作为优化对象, 分析了公铁联运中铁路物流配送中心的配送模式, 建立了以客户物流费用最低为目标的路径选择模型, 考虑了各个节点之间的单位运输费用、货物在各节点的包装和储存费用以及客户对某种货物的需求量。计算结果表明: 当铁路物流中心不直接向客户配送货物, 而是选择货运站来配送货物时, 客户物流总费用最小, 因此, 路径选择模型可以准确地描述物流配送问题。     

An Intelligent Response Surface Methodology for Modeling of Domain Level Constraints

An effective modeling method of domain level constraints in the constraint network for concurrent engineering （CE） was developed. The domain level constraints were analyzed and the framework of modeling of domain level constraints based on simulation and approximate technology was given. An intelligent response surface methodology （IRSM） was proposed, in which artificial intelligence technologies are introduced into the optimization process. The design of crank and connecting rod in the V6 engine as example was given to show the validity of the modeling method.     

欧盟环境法中的循环经济趋势谈

欧盟在先进的环保理念的支持下,在许多方面超越美国成为环境立法最发达地区。近年来欧盟循环经济的立法尤具特色。本文分析了欧盟循环经济法律发展历程及其典型制度;全面剖析了欧盟循环经济立法的特点:严格的标准、形成新的贸易壁垒、大量运用经济激励机制、生产者之责任延伸等。分析了欧盟循环经济的发展趋势及其对中国经济、贸易、法律的影响。