Biologically induced differences in erodibility and aggregation of subtidal and intertidal sediments: a possible cause for seasonal changes in sediment deposition

This study was carried out to describe the difference in erodibility and aggregation in a tidal basin including both subtidal and intertidal study sites and to use these results to explain the shifting erosion/deposition cycles at the sites. Erosion thresholds, erosion rates and settling velocities of the eroded material were measured at a mudflat transect and at sediment cores taken from a nearby tidal channel during surveys made in May 2000 and March 2002. Surface samples were analysed for grain-size, chl. a content, faecal pellet content, dry bulk density and organic content. Additionally, surface samples were taken at eight occasions in the period January 2002 to May 2003 from shallow tidal channels in the area. These samples were analysed for mud content and showed that major shifts in sediment distribution occurred in the period. The erodibility of the mudflat was generally high due to pelletization by the mudsnail Hydrobia ulvae but close to the salt marsh much lower erodibility was found, probably due to stabilisation by microphytobenthos. In contrast, the erodibility of the channel bed seemed to be very little influenced by biological activity and the relatively low erodibility found here was caused by physical characteristics of the sediment. The sediment eroded from the mudflat was generally strongly pelletized and showed high settling velocities whereas less aggregation and lower settling velocities were found for the channel bed sediments. Temporal variations of the mudflat stability and hydrodynamics resulted in temporal variations of deposition and erosion and the changing stability at the mudflat is likely to be one of the main reasons for a general transport of fine-grained sediment from the mudflat to the channel in the cold seasons and vice versa during the rest of the year.     

城市轨道交通通信集中告警系统的方案设计

现代城市轨道交通通信系统是一个复杂系统,包含多个子系统,系统设备种类多,且都有各自的网管,安装地点分散,因此有必要设置集中告警系统对整个通信系统进行有效的集中维护管理.结合集中故障告警系统在苏州轨道交通1号线的应用,说明了设置该系统的必要性.通信集中告警系统普遍采用协调方式实现.由于采用模块化设计,功能强易于扩展,已成...     

船舶横摇混沌阈值的数值方法研究

为计算梅尔尼科夫函数的简单零点,文章比较分析了两种数值算法:类帕德逼近和高斯—勒让德积分,作为验证,计算了某激励频率下系统的李雅普诺夫指数谱。然后选取某型船,采用梅尔尼科夫函数方法计算了横摇动力系统的混沌阈值,观察了横摇系统的安全池随外激励增大而逐渐破损的过程,并追踪了破损域中某点的相轨迹。研究计算表明:类帕德逼近可以较精确地得到同(异)宿轨道的参数方程,但在方程的设解形式上需要一定的技巧性,且计算量较大;高斯—勒让德积分不关注参数方程具体形式,处理简单,便于工程计算。     

高温冷藏机组高压报警停机故障分析与排除

某船高温冷藏机组为YORK船用公司提供的2台SB042型制冷压缩机,文章结合该机组在运行中出现的机组排气压力高报警停机这一现象,通过理论分析,找出问题存在的原因,提出具体的解决方案,并在实际应用中得以验证其正确性。     

隧道数字化火灾预警系统的在线量化评估

为检查和评价隧道及地下空间火灾预警系统的实际功能,需要一套可行的在线评估手段。根据近年来国内外全尺寸隧道火灾发展曲线的试验结果,提出隧道火情的定义依据;引用运营隧道内准分布式光纤光栅感温火灾探测器的实测数据,证明运营中隧道报警系统的个性化现象;提出合格的数字化报警系统应存在一个在统计学意义上使漏报率和误报率同时达到期望值的合理阈值取值区间;建议以该区间的尺度作为该系统功能完好性的评估指标;对日常隧道运行温度数据的统计分析可估计合理阈值取值区间的下限,对规定条件下的现场点火试验温度数据分析可估计合理阈值取值区间的上限。在隧道运营期该区间尺度可实时在线自动更新。     

Real-time freeway traffic state estimation based on extended Kalman filter: Adaptive capabilities and real data testing

This paper reports on real data testing of a real-time freeway traffic state estimator, with a particular focus on its adaptive capabilities. The pursued general approach to the real-time adaptive estimation of complete traffic state in freeway stretches or networks is based on stochastic macroscopic traffic flow modeling and extended Kalman filtering. One major innovative feature of the traffic state estimator is the online joint estimation of important model parameters (free speed, critical density, and capacity) and traffic flow variables (flows, mean speeds, and densities), which leads to three significant advantages of the estimator: (1) avoidance of prior model calibration; (2) automatic adaptation to changing external conditions (e.g. weather and lighting conditions, traffic composition, control measures); (3) enabling of incident alarms. These three advantages are demonstrated via suitable real data testing. The achieved testing results are satisfactory and promising for subsequent applications.     

火灾自动报警系统设计方案有关问题的探讨

结合现行有关防火设计规范的要求,简要介绍了火灾自动报警系统设计系统构成方式,重点对目前消防泵及喷淋泵控制方案设计进行了分析研讨,指出消火栓按钮、湿式报警阀压力开关启泵控制以及消防控制室自动控制、手动直接控制存在的问题,在满足规范要求的条件下,确定了优选方案。提出了消防泵控制方案设计需注意的问题及对有关消防产品改进的建议。     

施工企业项目风险与预警系统构建研究

企业进行项目施工时,不仅面临来自施工企业外部的各类风险,同样企业内部的管理也可能对企业施工造成一系列的问题。因此,构建高效可行的施工项目风险管理系统是本文的主要目的。     

基于速度动态函的LTE-R越区切换优化算法

传统的LTE-R越区切换算法,采用固定切换迟滞门限和延迟触发时间的切换算法。但是当列车高速运行时,切换成功率明显下降,无法满足高速铁路无线通信系统对Qo S大于99.5%的要求。通过对切换流程、测量参数、控制参数的分析,提出一种基于速度动态函数的越区切换优化算法。该算法在低速、中速、高速3种列车运行状况下,更适宜高速铁路情景切换时机的选择。仿真结果表明:基于椭圆函数的LTE-R越区切换优化算法,既保证了列车在中高速运行时,越区切换成功率有着明显提升,又避免了列车在中低速运行时,乒乓切换事件频率过高。     

大鼠背外侧索中对侧传入的上行纤维的分布和电生理学特征

在大鼠胸髓下段,用分离细束法研究背外侧索中对侧传入的上行纤维的分布和电生理学特征,发现该类纤维主要分布在背外侧索的背侧浅层,与同侧上行纤维相混杂.主要生理学类型为毛单位、低阈单位和毛-低阈混合单位等.对电刺激感受野的反应,一些单位表现出单突触,低阈值的特点。结果表明大鼠背外侧索中有交叉上行纤维,其分布和外周传入特性与脊颈束相似。