交叉口车辆到达统计分布的实证研究

交叉口车辆到达的统计分布规律是交通流理论的基础,对于优化和设计信号控制方案有重要意义。车辆到达是否服从泊松分布,尚缺乏基于交通观测数据的实证研究。采集深圳市的部分道路交通数据,运用柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米洛夫非参数检验（K—S检验）方法检验车辆到达的统计分布,利用SPSS和Excel软件分析处理数据,掌握了车辆到达的统计分布特性。研究发现,泊松分布能较好地拟合交叉口车辆到达,具有较广泛的适用性。此外,K—S检验方法是检验车辆到达统计分布的有效方法,SPSS和Excel软件提高了数据分析的准确性和效率。     

Optimal assignment for check-in counters based on passenger arrival behaviour at an airport

Establishing how to utilize check-in counters at airport passenger terminals efficiently is a major concern facing airport operators and airlines. Inadequate terminal capacity and the inefficient utilization of facilities such as check-in counters are major factors causing congestion and delays at airport passenger terminals. However, such delays and congestion can be reduced by increasing the efficiency of check-in counter operations, based on an understanding of passengers' airport access behaviour. This paper presents an assignment model for check-in counter operations, based on passengers' airport arrival patterns. In setting up the model, passenger surveys are used to determine when passengers arrive at the airport terminals relative to their flight departure times. The model then uses passenger arrival distribution patterns to calculate the most appropriate number of check-in counters and the duration of time that each counter should be operated. This assignment model has been applied at the Seoul Gimpo International Airport in Korea. The model provides not only a practical system for the efficient operations of time-to-time check-in counter assignments, but also a valuable means of developing effective longer-term solutions to the problem of passenger terminal congestion and delays. It also offers airlines a means of operating check-in counters with greater cost effectiveness, thus leading to enhanced customer service.     

Heuristic search for the coupled runway sequencing and taxiway routing problem

This paper presents the first local search heuristic for the coupled runway sequencing (arrival & departure) and taxiway routing problems, based on the receding horizon (RH) scheme that takes into account the dynamic nature of the problem. As test case, we use Manchester Airport, the third busiest airport in the UK. From the ground movement perspective, the airport layout requires that departing aircraft taxi across the arrivals runway. This makes it impossible to separate arrival from departure sequencing in practice. Operationally, interactions between aircraft on the taxiways could prevent aircraft from taking off from, or landing on, runways during the slots assigned to them by an algorithm optimizing runway use alone. We thus consider the interactions between arrival and departure aircraft on the airport surface. Compared to sequentially optimized solutions, the results obtained with our approach indicate a significant decrease in the taxiway routing delay, with generally no loss in performance in terms of the sequencing delay for a regular day of operations. Another benefit of such a simultaneous optimization approach is the possibility of holding aircraft at the stands for longer, without the engines running. This significantly reduces the fuel burn, as well as bottlenecks and traffic congestion during peak hours that are often the cause of flight delays due to the limited amount of airport surface space available. Given that the maximum computing time per horizon is around 95 s, real-time operation might be practical with increased computing power.     

泥水盾构深井下组装始发与到达施工技术

盾构组装始发与到达施工是整个盾构施工的重点环节之一,盾构始发与到达掘进必须保证盾构机顺利、安全、快速地通过预留洞门,并为下一步施工提供较好的施工条件。重庆主城排水过江隧道工程采用泥水盾构施工,结合现场施工过程中泥水盾构的始发与到达施工技术,对泥水盾构深井下组装始发与到达施工各工序进行介绍。     

基于单一线列阵的水下测速技术研究

利用水下声音可有效传播特征,提出了利用单一线列阵测试水下运动目标速度的方法．利用不同时刻运动目标和线列阵之间的几何关系,建立了速度测试的数学模型．本文介绍了最大拟然算法和信号相位匹配原理算法,用于高精度求解运动目标的方位角（DOA）．对速度测试误差影响的关键因素进行了分析,提出了测试系统组成：在运动目标相隔一定距离部位上安装两发射不同频率的换能器,在距运动目标不远处布上装有电子罗盘和深度传感器的线列阵,同时配备有信号采集记录仪．推导了系统特别是线列阵的参数要求．考虑工程上实际误差并进行仿真计算,仿真计算表明,一个孔径小于1m的16元阵均匀线列阵的速度测试误差小于4％．消声水池和水库试验进一步验证了模型和仿真计算的正确性．     

水声二维角估计中几种基阵的方向图比较

均匀圆阵、矩形面阵和十字阵是水声二维角估计中最常见的3种基阵阵形.在相同阵元数和目标方位参数的条件下,对这几种阵形方向图的相关技术指标进行了性能分析.仿真结果表明,均匀圆阵分辨力较高,矩形面阵空间增益最高.     

一种基于互素阵的孔径扩展方法

物理阵元数一定的情况下,通过孔径扩展虚拟出大孔径的方法可以提高目标方向估计的分辨率。本文提出使用基于互素阵的孔径扩展方法,该方法基于互素定理,通过满足一定规则的非均匀布阵,使用两物理存在阵元接收到的信号虚拟出一新的阵元,如此将此非均匀阵列扩展为孔径较大的均匀线阵,然后进行目标波达方向估计。仿真和水池试验表明该孔径扩展方法可以显著地提高空间分辨率,以及能够得到更低的旁瓣级,显然能节省物理阵元,对工程应用来说能降低成本,所以具有良好的应用前景。     

A slack arrival strategy to promote flex-route transit services

Flex-route transit, which combines the advantages of fixed-route transit and demand-responsive transit, is one of the most promising options in low-demand areas. This paper proposes a slack arrival strategy to reduce the number of rejected passengers and idle time at checkpoints resulting from uncertain travel demand. This strategy relaxes the departure time constraints of the checkpoints that do not function as transfer stations. A system cost function that includes the vehicle operation cost and customer cost is defined to measure system performance. Theoretical and simulation models are constructed to test the benefits of implementing the slack arrival strategy in flex-route transit under expected and unexpected demand levels. Experiments over a real-life flex-route transit service show that the proposed slack arrival strategy could improve the system performance by up to 40% with no additional operating cost. The results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can help transit operators provide more cost-efficient flex-route transit services in suburban and rural areas.