On the sway stability improvement of car–caravan systems by articulated connections

The present analysis is addressed to some promising connection arrangements between the towing vehicles and the towed trailers, where the two units are linked by four-bar isosceles trapeziums in place of the conventional pintle hitch. Two types of instability, of the divergent type or the oscillating type, may be analysed by the Routh–Hurwitz criterion or by the direct analysis of the characteristic equation. The constant term of this equation vanishes at the divergent instability threshold (zero of a real root), whereas the equation splits into two lower degree algebraic ‘sub-equations’ when the oscillating instability arises (pair of pure imaginary roots). A large field of geometrical configurations of the four-bar linkage may be quickly tested by numerical search procedures, including those where the sidebars of the linkage converge towards the inside of the drawing car and shift the relative centre of rotation forward, and those converging backward towards the trailer. Maps of the critical velocity as a function of the geometrical or physical parameters may be easily traced. They clearly show the favourable influence of the forward four-bar connection in general and the benefits achievable comparing with the conventional coupling. Actually, it is conceivable to increase the critical speed by optimising the four-bar design depending on the weight distribution on the axles and on the other geometrical and physical properties. Moreover, this type of connection may produce significant corrections to the under-steering or over-steering conduct of the articulated vehicle. The off-tracking and the manoeuvrability along curved paths are also studied, showing the benefits or the drawbacks of the four-bar linkage for the various configurations.     

土耳其80km/h轻轨车辆ZLA080型铰接式转向架的研制

详细介绍了适用于轻轨车辆的ZLA080型铰接式转向架的结构、性能特点和主要技术参数。ZLA080型铰接式转向架包括动力转向架和非动力转向架。在每辆车上,两端配置带大回转角度抗侧滚扭杆(最大达10°)、大横向位移(最大达150 mm)空气弹簧的动力转向架,中间配置能连接两节车体、带摇枕和3环回转支承轴承、具有铰接功能的非动力转向架,这种组合既能确保每辆车具有较好的正线运行的平稳性和乘客舒适性,又能确保每辆车的站场R30 m小曲线半径通过能力,这是在国内外铰接式轻轨上首次创新应用。对其构架、车轴、车轮、轴箱体、牵引装置等重要部件进行强度计算和型式试验,对整车进行了动力学性能计算和试验,各项计算结果和试验结果均满足标准要求。     

A study on single lane-change manoeuvres for determining rearward amplification of multi-trailer articulated heavy vehicles with active trailer steering systems

The Society of Automotive Engineers issued a test procedure, SAE-J2179, to determine the rearward amplification (RA) of multi-trailer articulated heavy vehicles (MTAHVs). Built upon the procedure, the International Organization for Standardization released the test manoeuvres, ISO-14791, for evaluating directional performance of MTAHVs. For the RA measures, ISO-14791 recommends two single lane-change manoeuvres: (1) an open-loop procedure with a single sine-wave steering input; and (2) a closed-loop manoeuvre with a single sine-wave lateral acceleration input. For an articulated vehicle with active trailer steering (ATS), the RA measure in lateral acceleration under the open-loop manoeuvre was not in good agreement with that under the closed-loop manoeuvre. This observation motivates the research on the applicability of the two manoeuvres for the RA measures of MTAHVs with ATS. It is reported that transient response under the open-loop manoeuvre often leads to asymmetric curve of tractor lateral acceleration [Winkler CB, Fancher PS, Bareket Z, Bogard S, Johnson G, Karamihas S, Mink C. Heavy vehicle size and weight – test procedures for minimum safety performance standards. Final technical report, NHTSA, US DOT, contract DTNH22-87-D-17174, University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Report No. UMTRI-92-13; 1992]. To explore the effect of the transient response, a multiple cycle sine-wave steering input (MCSSI) manoeuvre is proposed. Simulation demonstrates that the steady-state RA measures of an MTAHV with and without ATS under the MCSSI manoeuvre are in excellent agreement with those under the closed-loop manoeuvre. It is indicated that between the two manoeuvres by ISO-14791, the closed-loop manoeuvre is more applicable for determining the RA measures of MTAHVs with ATS.     

铰接型有轨电车轴重与轮重计算系统开发

以铰接型有轨电车作为计算模型,阐述了铰接型有轨电车的重心、轴重、轮重的原理以及计算过程。根据推导的计算公式,设计了一套软件系统计算轴重、轮重,软件采用C#语言,基于VS2010平台以及数据库SqlServer2008。该系统具有数据查询、存储、编辑以及删除功能,操作方便,具有实际应用价值。     

铰接式高速列车运行平稳性

采用面向对象的建模技术,建立了三车铰接编组、带车端悬挂的三辆编组以及单车的垂向及横向非线性动力学模型。运用所建立的模型,采用时域和频域的分析方法对铰接式高速列车、采用车端悬挂及车辆间无耦合装置的高速列车的运行平稳性进行了研究。车组中中间车辆的加速度功率谱分析表明,车辆间设置车端悬挂能明显地抑制车辆的点头及摇头振动。对比分析表明车辆采用铰接,其减振性能比仅采用车辆端悬挂的优越。对自行研制的铰接式高速列车在振动台进行了运行平稳性试验,结果表明在轨道高激扰的条件下,该设计完全能满足车辆高速运行下的舒适性要求。     

铰接式货车车体底架有限元分析

建立了铰接式货车平车底架的有限元计算模型 ,对该底架进行了静强度、刚度、固有频率及振型计算 ,针对铰接式货车底架刚度弱的特点 ,提出了方案修改建议 ,对铰接部位采用不同结构形式进行了详细对比分析     

关节式分相烧伤机理分析及防治对策

对电气化铁路机车带电闯分相的危害进行了统计分析,又对不同分相压差下机车闯分相时发生的不同烧伤现象及电弧产生发展机理进行了深入分析,对关节式分相处承力索烧伤的现象给出了合理的理论解释。对发生机车闯分相时牵引变电所保护装置的动作情况进行了分析阐述,提出了牵引变电所保护相间短路时的保护整定原则。对各种情况下的分相烧伤问题提出了具有针对性的防治措施。     

国内外轻轨概念的发展研究——轻轨之道：什么是轻轨？

针对国内“什么是轻轨”这一定义多种、概念模糊、理解不清的局面,从“轻轨”名称来源入手,梳理国内外轻轨概念变化发展历程,追本溯源,分析沿革,突出特征,并通过国内实际建设案例分析,提出广义轻轨和狭义轻轨的概念。广义轻轨是以高架敷设为主的各类中运量城市轨道交通系统的统称;狭义轻轨则主要指基于模块化铰接车以及新型C车,以高架敷设方式为主的系统,其发展方向应该是路权、编组、运营更加灵活。最后对我国轻轨的可持续发展,从审批政策、标准规范、车辆装备3个层面提出建议。     

发动机侧中偏置全低地板铰接式城市客车开发

介绍18m长发动机侧中偏置全低地板铰接式城市客车的开发过程和思路;建立BRT交流平台。     

日本铰接式转向架的开发

介绍了日本AC列车所开发的2种无摇枕铰接式转向架的结构,并阐述了针对运行安全性和乘坐舒适度而进行的仿真分析结果和线路运行试验结果.