High-frequency random vibration analysis of a high-speed vehicle–track system with the frequency-dependent dynamic properties of rail pads using a hybrid SEM–SM method

A hybrid Spectral Element Method (SEM)–Symplectic Method(SM) method for high-efficiency computation of the high-frequency random vibrations of a high-speed vehicle–track system with the frequency-dependent dynamic properties of rail pads is presented. First, the Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) formula and Fractional Derivative Zener (FDZ) model were, respectively, applied for prediction and representation of the frequency-dependent dynamic properties of Vossloh 300 rail pads frequently used in China's high-speed railway. Then, the proposed hybrid SEM–SM method was used to investigate the influence of the frequency-dependent dynamic performance of Vossloh 300 rail pads on the high-frequency random vibrations of high-speed vehicle–track systems at various train speeds or different levels of rail surface roughness. The experimental results indicate that the storage stiffness and loss factors of Vossloh 300 rail pad increase with the decrease in dynamic loads or the increase in preloads within 0.1–10,000?Hz at 20°C, and basically linearly increase with frequency in a logarithmic coordinate system. The results computed by the hybrid SEM–SM method demonstrate that the frequency-dependent viscous damping of Vossloh 300 rail pads, compared with its constant viscous damping and frequency-dependent stiffness, has a much more conspicuous influence on the medium-frequency (i.e. 20–63?Hz) random vibrations of car bodies and rail fasteners, and on the mid- (i.e. 20–63?Hz) and high-frequency (i.e. 630–1250?Hz) random vibrations of bogies, wheels and rails, especially with the increase in train speeds or the deterioration of rail surface roughness. The two sensitive frequency bands can also be validated by frequency response function (FRF) analysis of the proposed infinite rail–fastener model. The mid and high frequencies influenced by the frequency-dependent viscous damping of rail pads are exactly the dominant frequencies of ground vibration acceleration and wheel rolling noise caused by high-speed railways, respectively. Even though the existing time-domain (or frequency-domain) finite track models associated with the time-domain (or frequency-domain) fractional derivative viscoelastic (FDV) models of rail pads can also be used to reach the same conclusions, the hybrid SEM–SM method in which only one element is required to compute the high-order vibration modes of infinite rail is more appropriate for high-efficiency analysis of the high-frequency random vibrations of high-speed vehicle–track systems.     

Dynamic response of the train–track–bridge system subjected to derailment impacts

Derailments on bridges, although not frequent, when occurs due to a complex dynamic interaction of the train–track–bridge structural system, are very severe. Furthermore, the forced vibration induced by the post-derailment impacts can toss out the derailed wagons from the bridge deck with severe consequences to the traffic underneath and the safety of the occupants of the wagons. This paper presents a study of the train–track–bridge interaction during a heavy freight train crossing a concrete box girder bridge from a normal operation to a derailed state. A numerical model that considers the bridge vibration, train–track interaction and the train post-derailment behaviour is formulated based on a coupled finite-element – multi-body dynamics (FE-MBD) theory. The model is applied to predict the post-derailment behaviour of a freight train composed of one locomotive and several wagons, as well as the dynamic response of a straight single-span simply supported bridge containing ballast track subjected to derailment impacts. For this purpose, a typical derailment scenario of a heavy freight train passing over a severe track geometry defect is introduced. The dynamic derailment behaviour of the heavy freight train and the dynamic responses of the rail bridge are illustrated through numerical examples. The results exhibit the potential for tossing out of the derailed trains from the unstable increase in the yaw angle signature and a lower rate of increase of the bridge deck bending moment compared to the increase in the static axle load of the derailed wheelset.     

A linear complementarity method for the solution of vertical vehicle–track interaction

A new method is proposed for the solution of the vertical vehicle–track interaction including a separation between wheel and rail. The vehicle is modelled as a multi-body system using rigid bodies, and the track is treated as a three-layer beam model in which the rail is considered as an Euler-Bernoulli beam and both the sleepers and the ballast are represented by lumped masses. A linear complementarity formulation is directly established using a combination of the wheel–rail normal contact condition and the generalised-α method. This linear complementarity problem is solved using the Lemke algorithm, and the wheel–rail contact force can be obtained. Then the dynamic responses of the vehicle and the track are solved without iteration based on the generalised-α method. The same equations of motion for the vehicle and track are adopted at the different wheel–rail contact situations. This method can remove some restrictions, that is, time-dependent mass, damping and stiffness matrices of the coupled system, multiple equations of motion for the different contact situations and the effect of the contact stiffness. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective for simulating the vehicle–track interaction including a separation between wheel and rail.     

大连港大窑湾北防波堤基床淘刷与治理试验研究

大窑湾港区是大连港集装箱核心港区,北防波堤直立段采用改进的梳式沉箱结构,受台风影响,空腔内栅栏板移位、基床被淘刷。为了认知基床淘刷原因,使用非线性波浪水槽进行模型试验研究。研究确认波浪传播至空腔内剧烈紊动、导致基床浮托力增大是栅栏板失稳、基床淘刷的主要原因。采用翼板开孔可有效减小基床浮托力,但增大了透过波浪和流速。综合考虑基础稳定性、透过波浪、施工条件等因素,确定了翼板开孔3 m、将栅栏板厚度由原来的0.5 m加大至1 m的治理方案。试验验证了该方案的可行性。     

梁板架空式轨道基础在陆域散货堆场中的应用

常规的实体斜坡式轨道基础占用堆场面积较大,为节省占地面积,综合考虑工程地质条件、各专业设施的安装、使用和后期维护,经多方案比选最终选用梁板架空式轨道基础结构方案,将附属设施、堆场内的排水沟与轨道基础合并布置,不仅可以有效利用堆场空间,而且方便施工和后期使用,综合经济效益明显,可为类似工程提供参考和借鉴。     

北京地铁14号线高家园站-望京站区间单洞双线盾构临近穿越群桩的响应与防护

为减小盾构隧道施工对邻近群桩基础的影响,对10 m内径盾构穿越的机场快轨群桩响应进行数值模拟,分析盾构法隧道施工引起的群桩变形及内力变化情况。结果表明,开挖后桩身发生弯曲变形,桩身内力发生明显变化,前桩具有隔断作用,隧道施工对群桩中后桩的影响较小。群桩邻近盾构时采用复合锚杆桩作为隔断桩,复合锚杆桩加固桩侧土体的同时,可采用多排组合形成较大隔离刚度,套管施工可有效控制施工期间的环境影响。     

合福客专桥上CRTSI型双块式无砟轨道底座板施工技术

结合合福铁路客专桥上的CRTSI型双块式无砟轨道的施工,从梁面处理、测量放线、钢筋加工与安装、模板安装、混凝土浇筑等方面的质量控制,介绍CRTSI型双块式无砟轨道底座板和限位凹槽的施工工艺及施工技术,为类似工程提供借鉴。     

注胶法整治某高速铁路无砟轨道路基翻浆病害

目前高速铁路无砟轨道病害主要分为轨道板结构自身病害、支撑层(CA砂浆层)裂损、基床底座板吊空造成的翻浆病害等。结合某客运专线部分地段无砟轨道底座板吊空翻浆等病害情况,分析了病害产生的原因,从整治方案、质量检测和整治效果等方面,介绍一种全新的整治技术——注胶法在整治高速铁路无砟轨道路基翻浆病害中的应用,整治效果明显。     

客运专线合成轨枕式无砟轨道轨枕支承方式的研究

合成轨枕受力情况与支承方式有密切关系,为分析合成轨枕最有利的支承方式,结合支承式合成轨枕无砟轨道结构,应用ANSYS有限元软件,建立了五种不同轨枕支承方式的钢轨-扣件-合成轨枕-树脂砂浆层-道床板有限元模型,计算出各种支承方式下无砟轨道结构各部件的静力响应,计算结果表明:轨枕一侧支承长度为1092mm是一种较为合理的支承方式。