远破波大波高波浪作用下沉箱抗浪稳定性验算

岸壁码头施工中,沉箱受波高为13.62 m的远破波作用极其罕见,在如此大的波高下,沉箱受波峰压力和波谷压力作用,对沉箱的稳定性影响非常大。为提出合理的方案解决该问题,通过受力分析、计算、物模试验相结合的方法,对烟台西港区一期工程C6,C7,C8沉箱,进行了抗滑和抗倾覆稳定性计算,结果和物理模型试验结果相吻合。利用土力学原理,对远破波大波高作用下的已安装并回填的沉箱,可以通过沉箱背后土压力和孔隙充砂增重相结合的方案,利用土压力抵抗波浪力作用的方法,达到沉箱抗滑和抗倾覆稳定性的要求,确保工程的施工安全。     

初次支护结构对围岩塑性区和位移的影响研究

为了探索初期支护对隧道围岩稳定性的影响,采用岩土工程三维有限元分析软件Z_Soil3D对隧道施工中锚杆和钢架的作用进行了模拟分析。计算结果表明:增加锚杆长度或钢架惯性矩,围岩塑性区厚度和围岩位移都减小,锚杆长度及钢架惯性矩存在优化值,当锚杆长度或惯性矩超过优化值后对进一步改善围岩稳定性的作用不明显;永久钢架主要起拱的作用,其内力以轴向压力为主,在节点处存在局部弯矩,永久钢架构件内力与施工顺序相关,最早施加的构件轴力是后施加的数倍;临时钢架为压弯构件,存在较大轴力和弯矩,水平和竖向临时钢架的弯矩相差不大,2层水平钢架构件的轴力相差较大,竖向构件的轴力与上层水平构件的轴力相当,但明显大于下层水平构件的轴力。     

预应力混凝土曲线梁桥支承设计初探

以实际工程为背景,介绍了曲线混凝土桥的受力特点,采用三维空间程序对小半径预应力混凝土曲线梁桥的空间效应进行分析,考虑了不同支承形式对主梁转矩、墩柱内力和支座反力的影响,指出了曲线梁桥根据平面杆系计算不能完全反映各支座的受力情况,还需进行空间计算来确定各支座反力,提出了采取支座预设偏心的措施来改善曲梁扭转效应的方法,探讨了曲线梁桥腹板开裂病害产生的原因。     

管壁不连续对管路中传播的弯曲波的隔离

采用梁弯曲振动的运动方程来求解管壁中传播的弯曲波,然后用传递矩阵的方法得出了弯曲波在通过管壁不连续段后的透射系数矩阵。利用边界条件,分析了管壁材料不连续段及其在管路中的布置情况对弯曲波透射系数的影响,并得出了如下结论:作为管路不连续段的铜管、铝管和挠性胶管都可以对管路中传播的弯曲波起到隔离作用,但它们也都有可能使振动放大。这与频率、边界条件和管路不连续段的布置密切相关;对极低频弯曲波的隔离是十分困难的,甚至是不可能的;管路不连续段的布置情况、管路边界条件(即支撑情况)和频率应当是管路隔振设计中需要特别注意的因素;挠性胶管在可以起隔离作用的条件下能够取得比铜管和铝管更低的透射系数和更大的位移补偿。     

水翼艇翼航时稳性探讨

文章探讨V形割划式水翼艇翼航时初横稳性的计算,主要涉及水翼艇翼航时水翼浸深、横倾时左右翼升力的合力、回复力矩和稳性临界速度;提出了水翼艇翼航时稳性临界航速的概念和计算方法.文中的计算和讨论可为V形割划式水翼艇的设计提供参考.     

高速列车监测数据处理及故障诊断

车体性能好坏直接影响列车的行车安全,文章利用安装在车体上的传感器所采集到的振动信号,选取合适的信号特征提取方法进行评估,达到列车故障早期预警的目的。试验数据表明,车体的振动信号具有非线性、非平稳的特点,先对振动信号提取小波包能量矩特征进行时频域分析,发现该特征提取方法可以直观地反映车辆横向和垂向振动情况。引入基于局部分析的拉普拉斯特征映射算法(LE),对故障工况的小波包能量矩熵特征所构造的高维特征向量空间进行降维,发现能够从垂向加速度信号识别出空气弹簧失气工况,从横向加速度信号识别出抗蛇行减振器故障和横向减振器故障。这与车辆动力学分析结果一致,同时也证实了流形学习方法对列车性能评估具有一定的作用。     

Fracture mechanics analysis for mooring chain links subjected to out-of-plane bending (OPB)

A fracture mechanics (FM) based investigation on the mechanism of out-of-plane bending (OPB) between mooring chain links and its effects on fatigue lives of mooring chain links are conducted. Four types of OPB problems that mooring chain links laying on the chain wheel, chain links passing over the bending shoe, chain links constraint provided by the chain hawse, and chain links constraint provided by the chain stopper are considered. Tension ranges of mooring lines are calculated based on the combined loading process induced by the motions of wave frequency (WF) and low frequency (LF). Initial cracks are assumed to propagate from surfaces of chain links and stress intensity factors are calculated in terms of stress ranges determined by a finite element (FE) analysis. The results show that fatigue lives of mooring chain links are decreased significantly due to OPB effects. In addition, the increase of the number of pockets of chain wheel mitigates OPB effects on fatigue lives of mooring chain links laying on the chain wheel, and the increase of the track diameter would reduce OPB effects on fatigue lives of mooring chain links passing over the bending shoe as well. However, for chain links constraint provided by the chain hawse, the diameter of mooring chain hawse has no significant effect on fatigue lives of the mooring chain links subject to OPB if without the abrupt change of the contact conditions between chain links and chain hawse. For mooring links constraint provided by chain stoppers considering the effect of proof loading test, fatigue lives of mooring chain links would drop significantly with the increase of interlink angles and friction coefficient.     

A model for the biaxial dynamic bending of unbonded flexible pipes

An analytical model is given to investigate the behavior of unbonded flexible pipes under biaxial dynamic bending. The stick-slip conditions of each wire are studied in the framework of incremental analysis by an operator splitting of the time step into a stick-state prediction and a slip-state correction step. The tension gradient is calculated using the classical return-mapping algorithm and the obtained tension gradients are integrated numerically to find the axial tension by imposing appropriate boundary conditions. From the axial tension the bending moments with respect to the principal bending axes of the pipe are obtained. Poisson's effect, bending induced tension in the wire, shear deformations of the supporting plastic layer and the changes of the effective torsion and curvature increments of the wire after slip occurs are taken into account in the model. The results of bending moment–curvature relationship from this model are compared with the test data from simple bending and good correlations are found. The comparison of the biaxial bending moment results between this model and the available model also shows good agreement.     

常规方法计算桥墩盖梁扭矩的合理性探讨

通过分析用常规计算方法和有限元算法对同一桥墩进行扭矩计算结果的巨大差异,得出了常规算法过于保守,不利于客观地评定盖梁的抗扭承载力,同时也说明了用空间梁单元,计算盖梁扭矩的合理性.     

坡斜拉桥施工阶段索塔静力分析

单向纵坡的斜拉桥对设计施工和稳定有较大影响,而对称双向纵坡与单向纵坡又有不同,针对彭溪河特大单向纵坡斜拉桥和相同跨度的对称双向纵坡斜拉桥进行了有限元仿真分析,为设计和施工提供了借鉴.