货车旁承间隙对车辆动力学性能的影响

对货车车体相对于摇枕的侧滚运动进行几何简化,导出上旁承下端面位于心盘旋转点之上、之下和上旁承下端面与心盘旋转点位于相同垂向位置时,旁承的垂向位移与车体重心相对于摇枕横向位移的几何关系。在车辆动力学模型中引入侧滚回复力矩和等效摩擦半径,并对心盘进行力学简化。运用多体系统分析方法对货车动力学性能进行仿真。结果表明:侧滚回复力矩可以有效抑制车体由于轨道激励而产生的相对摇枕的侧滚运动;过小或过大的旁承间隙会使车辆的动力学性能恶化。当车体重心横向偏移量小于心盘半径时,车体重力将产生阻止车体侧滚的回复力矩;反之,车体重力产生的力矩将加速车体的侧滚。过小的旁承间隙会使车体上旁承和摇枕下旁承频繁接触,对车体产生较大的冲击;而过大的旁承间隙又使旁承在侧滚回复力矩不足时不能有效抑制车体的侧滚。     

On the objective assessment and quantification of the transient-handling response of a vehicle

This article suggests a new methodology for the objective assessment and quantification of the response of a vehicle subjected to transient-handling manoeuvres. For this purpose, a non-dimensional measure is defined, namely the normalized yaw impulse. This measure appears in two variations. In its general or dynamic form, it represents the difference between the yaw moment due to the front-tyre forces and the yaw moment due to the rear-tyre forces, divided by the sum of the aforementioned yaw moments. By employing a linear, two-degree-of-freedom bicycle model, it is shown that the general form of the normalized yaw impulse can be written as a function of the steer angle and the forward, lateral and yaw velocities of the vehicle. This form is referred to as the kinematic yaw impulse. It is demonstrated that the combined application of the dynamic and kinematic expressions of the yaw impulse not only facilitates the explicit assessment and quantification of the transient behaviour of a vehicle, but also reveals the influence of parameters such as the yaw moment of inertia, which traditionally leave the steady-state behaviour unaffected.     

A General Method for the Evaluation of Vehicle Manoeuvrability with Special Emphasis on Motorcycles

This paper presents a novel approach to the assessment of the manoeuvrability of vehicles which is not based on the simulation of open-loop manoeuvres, nor does it rely on the modelling of the driver as a control system. Instead, the essence of the method is the solution of a two-point optimal control boundary value problem, in which a vehicle, subject to physical constraints like tyre adherence and road borders, among others, is required to go between given initial and final positions as fast as possible. The control inputs - i.e., the driver's actions - that make the vehicle move between the two states in the most efficient way are found as a part of the solution procedure and represent the actions of a sort of ideal, perfect driver. The resulting motion is called the optimal manoeuvre and, besides being the most efficient way that the given vehicle has for travelling between the two points according to the chosen optimal criterion, may be taken as a reference for meaningful comparisons with other vehicles. The value of the penalty function, used to define the optimal condition occurring at the optimal manoeuvre, may be taken as a measure of manoeuvrability or handling. With this approach the manoeuvrability properties are established as intrinsic to the vehicle, being defined with respect to an ideal perfect driver. Some possible forms of the penalty function, which means slightly different concepts of manoeuvrability and handling, are discussed. In the end, the case of motorcycles and some examples of optimal manoeuvres are given.     

某商用车转向直拉杆失稳弯曲变形分析

某商用车转向拉杆在整车下线极限转向测试工况后,出现转向直拉杆弯曲变形现象。本文通过对直拉杆弯曲塑性变形问题的原因解析、方案验证,表明转向直拉杆的临界稳定性是产生问题的根本原因,提出来了一套转向直拉杆压杆稳定性的计算方法和安全系数的选取原则,可以有规避决该类问题发生。     

泸州市沱江四桥总体设计

泸州市沱江四桥是一座主跨200m的单塔斜拉桥,采用市政道路与远期规划轨道交通平层布置形式。桥塔为钢-混凝土组合塔,顺桥向呈觚(古代饮酒器具)形。主跨和城西新城侧边跨采用左右分离式钢箱梁,为减小结构内部约束作用,在斜拉索、塔、墩处双箱之间设置横隔梁,通过螺栓将横隔梁与钢箱梁连接。城北新城侧边跨与南、北引桥主梁采用预应力混凝土连续箱梁。混凝土箱梁和钢箱梁之间通过2m长钢-混结合段连接。该桥桥面宽49m,为减小混凝土收缩应力,在桥梁中线处桥面板和横梁上设置宽100cm混凝土后浇段,纵向分4个浇筑节段逐段施工混凝土箱梁。由于引桥梁端支反力比主桥梁端支反力大,为减小支反力差值产生的桥墩附加弯矩,将交接墩中心线朝远离桥塔方向偏移,同时将桥墩的顺桥向壁厚设置成不等厚。     

基于初弯曲梁单元的大跨度悬索桥主缆弯曲刚度分析

针对大跨度悬索桥主缆的精细化分析中不能同时考虑主缆弯曲刚度、主缆初始弯曲、索鞍及缠丝等因素的影响,提出了一种新型的初弯曲梁单元来模拟主缆的弯曲刚度和初始弯曲,通过虚功增量方程推导其切线刚度矩阵,并编制了主缆非线性有限元程序,建立大跨度悬索桥主缆施工过程的有限元模型,计算中考虑了索鞍处主缆线形的修正及由缠丝引起的主缆弯曲刚度的变化.结果表明:弯曲刚度使主缆在恒载作用下的竖向变形减小,成桥状态时由此引起的主缆线形计算偏差没有超过工程精度的要求;成桥状态时靠近桥塔的吊索吊点处主缆的弯矩及弯曲应力显著,需要在大跨度悬索桥主缆设计和施工中加以考虑.     

狭长深基坑支护结构设计的有限元分析

以南京某地铁车站深基坑工程为研究对象,介绍该工程场区的地质条件,支护形式及施工工序;分析该基坑在开挖过程中围护结构的位移、支撑轴力及基坑周围土体地表沉降的变化,通过有限元软件Plaxis对基坑开挖进行数值模拟,并将计算结果与实测结果进行比较分析,二者结果基本吻合,并且通过进一步研究得到了支护结构抗弯刚度EI、坑边超载及开挖对基坑变形规律的影响结果。增加支护结构的抗弯刚度能一定程度减小地连墙的水平位移,随着坑边超载P的不断增大墙顶水平位移不断加大,当P=50 k Pa时,围护结构墙顶范围内发生明显屈服。而随着开挖深度的不断增大,超载对地连墙水平位移的影响系数不断减小。基坑开挖时。地下连续墙最大侧移位置大致位于开挖面附近,且随着开挖深度的增大而逐渐下移。当土体开挖至坑底且未施工底板和垫层时,此时基坑处于最危险状态。     

一种优化的船体外板三维点云数据提取方法

针对水火弯板机检测系统中船舶外板三维点云数据自动提取过程存在边缘噪点、板下贴合垫木识别效率低以及外板边缘拟合等问题,提出一种优化DBSCAN聚类算法,首先根据现场加工环境精简点云,利用网格划分来建立外板点云拓扑模型,然后根据DBSCAN密度聚类算法搜索出外板点云,最后采用最小二乘法进行边缘拟合。结果表明,该算法能有效识别外板边缘,提取出外板点云。     

加肋圆柱体水下低频辐射声特性研究

为掌握不同激励下加肋圆柱体水下低频辐射声频谱特征,揭示辐射声峰值对应的优势模态及弯纵耦合现象规律,该文利用三维水弹性声辐射计算方法,针对加肋圆柱体的梁模型和有限元壳模型,计算分析其水下不同激励的声源级传递函数,分析声源级曲线峰值与单个模态声源级分量的对应关系,得出垂向激励时,辐射声峰值对应于垂向弯曲模态;轴向激励时,辐射声峰值对应于轴向模态,同时运用壳模型计算结果发现梁模型所不能反映的弯纵耦合现象。比较了不同激励辐射声源级传递函数,得出所分析频带内,轴向单位力激励总声级比垂向略大。并比较不同模型的结果,指出梁模型的适用范围。     

Sensitivity analysis to assess the influence of the inertial properties of railway vehicle bodies on the vehicle's dynamic behaviour

A sensitivity analysis has been performed to assess the influence of the inertial properties of railway vehicles on their dynamic behaviour. To do this, 216 dynamic simulations were performed modifying, one at a time, the masses, moments of inertia and heights of the centre of gravity of the carbody, the bogie and the wheelset. Three values were assigned to each parameter, corresponding to the percentiles 10, 50 and 90 of a data set stored in a database of railway vehicles. After processing the results of these simulations, the analysed parameters were sorted by increasing influence. It was also found which of these parameters could be estimated with a lesser degree of accuracy for future simulations without appreciably affecting the simulation results. In general terms, it was concluded that the most sensitive inertial properties are the mass and the vertical moment of inertia, and the least sensitive ones the longitudinal and lateral moments of inertia.