合理发展自行车交通的研究

我国大多数市民利用自行车作为交通工具,已是普遍的现象,但保持合适的自行车出行比重,对城市发展会有很大帮助。针对自行车交通的现状,坚持以人为本的理念,结合福州市现有交通状况,探讨了自行车交通现存的问题,并根据实际情况,提出相应措施。     

城市灯控平面交叉口的自行车交通设计研究

城市灯控平面交叉口混合交通流安全和效率的核心研究对象应该是自行车与机动车交通流间的相互影响。本丈在大量的理论分析和实践的基础上,探讨时空分离法的自行车交通设计的基本原则和交通空间设计方法,即自行车右转弯专用车道设计、左转自行车二次过街以及自行车与行人过街一体化设计,并进行了南京市太平北路与珠江路交叉口的应用实例分析。本文的城市灯控平面交叉口自行车的交通设计方法可为解决城市灯控平面交叉口混合交通问题提供借鉴。     

公共电动自行车系统运营模式设计模型

当前对传统公共自行车系统运营模式的研究主要是定性分析,各种方法标准不一,且研究结论与实际差别较大,不能直接用于资金、设施等要求更高的公共电动自行车系统的运营模式设计问题.因此,提出了一种定量设计模型,利用0-1混合整数规划模型对系统的经营主体进行筛选,再利用动态规划模型分配资源.利用算例进行模拟分析,结果表明:①与以资金多和收益好为优的常规的定性分析法相比,定量模型能更合理配置系统构成要素,降低政府的财政负担,分别为政府节省18.68%和23.09%的资金.②在公共电动自行车系统建设和运营过程中,宜采用政企合作模式.③相对于系统运营而言,系统建设期间对政府投入的资金反应更灵敏,因此政府有必要加大建设期的资金投入.     

基于站点爬虫数据的公共自行车系统时空特征分析

把握公共自行车使用的时空分布特征是优化公共自行车系统运行的前提.通过网络爬虫技术获取站点数据,定义了站点活跃度等指标,利用Dunn指数和Davies-Bouldin指数确定有效的站点活跃度聚类算法,引入全局Moran′s统计量和局部Moran′s统计量对站点使用情况进行空间统计分析,深入挖掘站点使用状况的时空分布特征.在对苏州市公共自行车系统的案例研究中,根据活跃度变化将站点聚为四类,发现一个站点的活跃度与周边13个(晚高峰)至20个(早高峰)以上的站点存在正的空间相关关系,可推测早晚高峰用户的平均骑行距离分别为2.2 km和1.7 km.研究结果还证实,虽然大部分站点的高峰期车桩比在空间上呈随机分布,但高车桩比站点分别聚集在几个不同的地区,低车桩比站点则集中出现在较大范围内,系统地揭示了站点间协调配合存在的问题.     

Exploring public bicycle network structure based on complex network theory and shortest path analysis: the public bicycle system in Yixing,China

A well-functioning public bicycle system relates not only to its mode of operation, vehicle allocation, rental station layout and vehicle leasing configuration, but also the bicycle network structure and its formation. However, the latter aspects have been widely overlooked in China. Here, we help to further attract more researchers to conduct relevant studies and make suggestions for the development of public bicycle transport in many small and medium-sized cities across the world. We demonstrate how to explore the public bicycle network structure of a county-level Chinese city – Yixing – known for its clay ware and tourism. We show that complex network theory and shortest path analysis technology are useful in characterizing the public bicycle network structure, in aspects such as network topology, the spatial distribution of sub-networks and traffic flows. Finally, the paper proposes relevant urban planning strategies.     

自行车赛场设计研究

以日照自行车赛场工程为例,通过赛车场跑道的形式、跑道的最大坡度、跑道的构造以及跑道面层动摩擦系数、看台视线和跑道曲线控制的分析和阐述,对自行车赛场设计进行探讨。针对日照自行车赛场通过多年承担全国性场地比赛的考验,验证其技术参数取值的正确性,以冀为今后类似工程设计提供技术参考。     

Roll angle estimator based on angular rate measurements for bicycles

ABSTRACT

Measuring the roll angle of single-track vehicles has always been a challenging task; however, accurate and reliable measurements of this magnitude are paramount for controlling the stability of these vehicles, both for autonomous riding and for safety reasons. A roll angle estimation is also useful in other situations, such as tests to perform the identification of the parameters of the rider control. In this work, a new algorithm is presented for estimating the roll angle of bicycles. This estimator, based on the well-known Kalman filter, employs a wheel speed sensor to approximate the speed of the vehicle, and three angular rate sensors, which are currently small and affordable sensors. The proposed method was implemented in a microcontroller and tested in a bicycle and the results were compared with measurements obtained with optical sensors, showing a good correlation. Although it has not been tested in motorcycles, comparable results are expected.     

法国巴黎自行车租赁业务及对我国的启示

自行车因具有节能、环保、灵活等优点在发达国家正越来越受青睐，自行车租赁业务也随之产生．近几年我国对这一问题的研究也在不断深化。本文首先从租赁系统、费用、所产生的问题几方面介绍了巴黎市的自行车租赁业务，并在此基础上就国内开展租赁业务提出了一些见解．     

Prohibited–permitted right-turn phasing strategy based on capacity analysis of right-turn movements

In traffic-crowded metropolitan areas, such as Shanghai and Beijing in China, right-turn vehicles that operate with a permitted phase at signalized intersections are normally permitted to filter through large numbers of pedestrians and bicycles. To alleviate such conflicts and improve safety, traffic engineers in Shanghai introduced a prohibited–permitted right-turn operation, adding a subphase to the permitted phase in which right-turns are prohibited. Unfortunately, the prohibited subphase would reduce the capacity of right-turn movements when it prohibits right turns even if there are few pedestrians and bicycles crossing the street. This paper aims at quantifying the impact of both non-vehicular flows and the prohibited subphase on the right-turn capacity, and then proposes a strategy to determine appropriate prohibited–permitted right-turn operation that minimizes the capacity reduction caused by the prohibited subphase. To achieve this goal, we improved the pedestrian and bicycle adjustment factor described in the Highway Capacity Manual by taking into account: (1) the variety in space competition between pedestrians and bicycles, and (2) the effect of two conflict zones in each phase on right-turn operation. In addition, we revised the capacity estimation model in the Highway Capacity Manual, and developed a model based on bicycle/pedestrian volume fluctuation to describe the capacity reduction due to both non-vehicular flows and the prohibited subphase. Furthermore, we proposed a timing strategy for the onset and duration of appropriate prohibited subphase. When bicycle and pedestrian volumes are low, the actuated strategy turns to the permitted phase. When these volumes are moderate, the strategy turns to the prohibited–permitted operation. With the volumes increasing, the prohibited subphase onset advances and duration increases. In these two scenarios, the new strategy has higher right-turn capacity than the current pretimed prohibited–permitted operation. Unfortunately, when bicycle and pedestrian volumes are high, the strategy yields similar right-turn capacity. However, the new prohibited subphase has less potential vehicle–bicycle and vehicle–pedestrian conflicts.     

基于灰关联的公共自行车租赁点选址研究

公共自行车租赁点选址过程中涉及的影响因素较多,为了在公共自行车系统建设中达到精 细化设计的目的,需要综合考虑各影响因素,构建指标体系和评价比选方法,以选出最优方案。 从使用、运营和建设3 个层面出发,建立包含7 项指标的评价指标体系并给出各项指标的具体定 义和量化方法。提出基于灰色关联度分析的公共自行车租赁点选址方案比选方法,即在运用功效 分析法对指标进行归一化处理的基础上,采用熵值法确定各指标值权重,根据灰关联原理对备选 方案进行排序,比选出最优方案。最后将该方法应用于南京市浦口区公共自行车租赁点的规划建 设中。研究结果表明,该方法可以对站点选址提供有效的决策支持。