Prediction of travel time variability for cost-benefit analysis

Unreliable travel times cause substantial costs to travelers. Nevertheless, they are often not taken into account in cost-benefit analyses (CBA), or only in very rough ways. This paper aims at providing simple rules to predict variability, based on travel time data from Dutch highways. Two different concepts of travel time variability are used, which differ in their assumptions on information availability to drivers. The first measure is based on the assumption that, for a given road link and given time of day, the expected travel time is constant across all working days (rough information: RI). In the second case, expected travel times are assumed to reflect day-specific factors such as weather conditions or weekdays (fine information: FI). For both definitions of variability, we find that the mean travel time is a good predictor. On average, longer delays are associated with higher variability. However, the derivative of variability with respect to delays is decreasing in delays. It can be shown that this result relates to differences in the relative shares of observed traffic ‘regimes’ (free-flow, congested, hyper-congested) in the mean delay. For most CBAs, no information on the relative shares of the traffic regimes is available. A non-linear model based on mean travel times can then be used as an approximation.     

双层扭王字块护面在深水防波堤结构中的应用

为加强恶劣海况下深水防波堤护面稳定性和结构安全性,根据最新规范规定和试验研究结果,对防波堤原设计方案的护面结构形式进行优化调整。采用双层扭王字块护面结构,利用人工块体代替超大质量规格的块石,并提出实施过程中保证深水防波堤工程护面块体质量的施工控制要点。结果表明,双层扭王字块护面既解决了大规格石料供应问题,又提高了深水防波堤护面结构的稳定性。     

亚帆中心工程环抱形防波堤掩护效果及护面块体稳定性试验研究

针对工程环抱形防波堤平面布置方案,利用整体物理模型试验手段进行了验证。结果表明:1)掩护后传入港内波峰线发生了偏转和波能集中,致使码头局部泊稳条件不满足标准要求。将位轴线顺时针旋转15°,与波峰线平行优化布置后,则满足。2)根据越堤波浪是否冲击港内码头轴线标准,论证10.0、10.5、11.0 m共3个防波提高程掩护体,得出11.0 m是可行的。3)防波堤外侧质量6 t护面块体失稳,经多次优化后采用质量10 t则稳定,弧形转弯处勾连性护面块体受侧向波浪力作用比受正向波浪力偏于危险。4)将试验结果与规范公式计算值进行对比,前者均大,因此对于弧形转弯段的处理应给予关注,尽量遵循规范要求轴线夹角的相关规定。5)试验再次验证了三维港池整体物理模型试验在防波堤稳定性、越浪量和优化设计方面的必要性。     

Identifying optimal data aggregation interval sizes for link and corridor travel time estimation and forecasting

With the recent increase in the deployment of ITS technologies in urban areas throughout the world, traffic management centers have the ability to obtain and archive large amounts of data on the traffic system. These data can be used to estimate current conditions and predict future conditions on the roadway network. A general solution methodology for identifying the optimal aggregation interval sizes for four scenarios is proposed in this article: (1) link travel time estimation, (2) corridor/route travel time estimation, (3) link travel time forecasting, and (4) corridor/route travel time forecasting. The methodology explicitly considers traffic dynamics and frequency of observations. A formulation based on mean square error (MSE) is developed for each of the scenarios and interpreted from a traffic flow perspective. The methodology for estimating the optimal aggregation size is based on (1) the tradeoff between the estimated mean square error of prediction and the variance of the predictor, (2) the differences between estimation and forecasting, and (3) the direct consideration of the correlation between link travel time for corridor/route estimation and forecasting. The proposed methods are demonstrated using travel time data from Houston, Texas, that were collected as part of the automatic vehicle identification (AVI) system of the Houston Transtar system. It was found that the optimal aggregation size is a function of the application and traffic condition.

基于深度学习的智能车辆视觉里程计技术发展综述

针对基于模型的视觉里程计在光照条件恶劣的情况下存在鲁棒性差、回环检测准确率低、动态场景中精度不够、无法对场景进行语义理解等问题,利用深度学习可以弥补其不足。首先,简略介绍了基于模型的里程计的研究现状,然后对比了常用的智能车数据集,将基于深度学习的视觉里程计分为有监督学习、无监督学习和模型法与深度学习结合3种,从网络结构、输入和输出特征、鲁棒性等方面进行分析,最后,讨论了基于深度学习的智能车辆视觉里程计研究热点,从视觉里程计在动态场景的鲁棒性优化、多传感器融合、场景语义分割3个方面对智能车辆视觉里程计技术的发展趋势进行了展望。     

根式基础及根式锚碇方案构思

本文提出一种新型基础--根式基础,它是在沉井的侧壁以顶推根键的方法使基础周边土体的承载力充分调动起来,形成一种仿生的根式基础.利用数值模拟对根式基础和普通沉井基础的受力特性进行了分析.根式基础用于悬索桥锚碇将成为一种新的选择.     

面向移动终端的实时交通信息服务分析

为了进一步提高我国交通信息服务水平,缓解拥堵,对比研究了现有服务终端的特点,并对用户交通信息需求展开调查.结合服务终端特点及调查结果,构建了面向移动终端的实时交通信息服务系统.系统可向移动终端提供信息查询、信息发布、服务下载等功能,为用户提供出行全程的交通信息服务.     

多平台间信息传输测试分析方法

文章根据电子信息系统的试验需求，结合工程实际，从具体应用人手，讲述一种多平台间信息传输性能测评方法，并对如何实现数据采集与记录、信息传输实时监测、系统性能分析等方面进行了详尽描述，该方法为多平台综合试验提供了有效的评估手段。     

广东省高职院校图书馆信息资源共建共享问题探讨

分析广东省高职院校图书馆信息资源共建共享的必要性、可行性及当前所面临的问题，并提出信息资源共建共享的基本对策。     

基于城市轨道交通线网级的乘客信息系统建设研究

针对城市轨道交通乘客信息系统线网化后仍按传统方式构建存在资源浪费、管理困难、接口复杂繁多等诸多问题,提出建设线网级的乘客信息发布中心,实现对线网内PIS系统播出信息控制的思路,对线网级乘客信息系统系统架构、乘客信息发布中心构成进行重点研究。