Increasing the capacity of signalized intersections with separate left turn phases

A separate turn phase is often used on the approach leg to an intersections with heavy left turns. This wastes capacity on the approach because some of its lanes cannot discharge during its green phases. The paper shows that the problem can be eliminated by reorganizing traffic on all the lanes upstream of an intersection using a mid-block pre-signal. If drivers behave deterministically, the capacity that can be achieved is the same as if there were no left turns. However, if the reorganization is too drastic, it may be counterintuitive to drivers. This can be remedied by reorganizing traffic on just some of the available lanes. It is shown that such partial reorganization still increases capacity significantly, even if drivers behave randomly and only one lane is reorganized. The paper shows how to optimize the design of a pre-signal system for a generic intersection. It also identifies both, the potential benefits of the proposed system for a broad class of intersections, and the domain of application where the benefits are most significant.     

A practical capacity model of a single track line

The paper presents a model for determining the practical capacity of a single track line, i.e. the maximum number of trains which can be run along it in a time unit under the condition that each train enters its bottleneck segment with a definite delay.

The input data used in the model are: geometrical characteristics of the bottleneck segment of the line under study, the intensity and structure of demand expressed by a number of trains which are run over the line in a given time unit, the scenario of traffic running over the line under study and the operational tactics of individual train categories processing on the bottleneck segment.

(Two tactics can be applied in the train processing on the line under study; first, the trains of individual categories are given different priorities in the processing, and second, all the trains have the same priority).

The output results of the model are average delays of trains of each category occurring within the train processing performed on the bottleneck segment of the line under study in a given time unit.     

Development and calibration of a long-distance passenger traffic assignment model

This paper studies the assignment of long-distance passenger traffic on a highway corridor network. First, we propose a traditional model for the long-distance traffic assignment considering interactions with local commuter traffic. It addresses the effect of local networks on highway corridors. An iterative algorithm is developed to solve for the exact solution. Then, to address the potential computational issues that arise therein, a decomposition method is proposed by introducing a new concept of corridor elasticity. An assignment procedure for long-distance passenger traffic is developed accordingly. Numerical tests show that the proposed decomposition method makes significant improvements in computational performance at a small loss of optimality. This decomposition method well approximates the exact assignment from the traditional formulation, especially when the highway corridors are near-saturation. The proposed decomposition method appears practical for application.     

卫星通信和测控机房配电容量估算

从设备用电、空调用电、照明及辅助用电几个方面来分析机房的用电量,从而使设计者在机房建设之前对用电量有比较准确的估算,既不把需求扩大,也不估算不足,为设备选型和机房建设提前做好预算。     

高速公路改扩建作业区的合理布设

目前我国相关规范并没有对高速公路改扩建作业区的布设做出相应的规定,施工中的一些不合理设置大大降低了作业区的通行能力和运行效率,并且存在诸多安全隐患。针对这一问题,运用交通仿真技术对双向四车道高速公路基本路段的通行能力以及作业区各主要控制区段（如预告段、合流段等）的长度进行研究分析,得到高速公路改扩建期作业区的长度设置标准和布设要求,为今后高速公路改扩建工程作业区的设置提供参考。     

基于仿真的高速公路混合收费站通行能力确定方法

高速公路收费站通行能力直接决定了高速公路的通行能力,在总体上制约着公路的交通运行状况。随着电子收费系统(ETC)技术的推广和应用,大量人工收费车道和ETC收费车道并存的混合收费站随之出现,合理地确定混合收费站通行能力是收费系统设计的重要问题。分析了高速公路混合收费站中人工收费和ETC收费的交通流特性,结合现场实际调查数据标定参数并建立了VISSIM仿真模型,获得了收费站人工收费车道和ETC收费车道数在不同比例的情况下收费站的综合通行能力,并给出了收费站通行能力最优时,ETC交通量占总交通量的最佳比例。此外,研究还进行了收费站综合服务能力仿真研究,给出了在输入交通量一定的情况下,ETC交通量分别占10%、30%、50%的情况下收费站的服务能力。研究为混合收费站的合理通行能力确定,以及ETC车道开设方法提供了重要的参考。     

新型筑路材料TUF在路基填筑中的应用

结合新型筑路材料TUF在阿尔及利亚东西高速公路路基填筑施工中的应用,介绍了选择该材料的原因及其作为路基填料的特点与优越性,并进行了经济效益分析,为TUF材料在其他道路结构层中的应用提供参考.     

大跨度外倾式拱桥稳定及极限承载力分析

为研究外倾式拱桥稳定及极限承载力问题,以九堡大桥为背景,建立有限元分析模型,分别计算了该桥线性屈曲、几何非线性稳定(分别考虑初始缺陷以及材料非线性)、弹塑性稳定状态下的稳定系数,对失稳机理以及车道荷载和静风荷载作用下的极限承载力进行分析,在此基础上讨论了荷载及横撑布置对极限承载力的影响。分析结果表明:几何非线性对于刚度较大的钢拱桥稳定的影响不大,而材料非线性对极限承载力的影响显著,弹性稳定分析会过高地估计钢拱桥的极限承载力;外倾式拱桥的失稳多为面外失稳形式,且副拱拱顶横撑对稳定的影响较小。     

顺置式吊杆锚固区受力特性与极限承载力研究

为掌握顺桥向设置的吊杆锚固区在吊杆力作用下的受力特性和极限承载力,以某在建斜拉-自锚式悬索组合体系桥为依托工程,利用ANSYS软件建立壳单元空间有限元模型,对锚固区在最不利荷载作用下的受力性能进行研究;并分别采用线弹性及非线性分析方法对吊杆锚固区极限承载力进行分析,讨论构件的受力情况。结果表明:在最不利荷载作用下,钢锚箱及钢锚梁应力较横隔板应力小;除钢锚梁与横隔板焊接处应力集中现象显著外,各构件应力分布较均匀;各构件顺桥向变形较大。不同极限承载力分析方法表明,此类结构采用壳单元建模进行极限承载力分析时应仅考虑材料非线性。建议在此类结构设计时,对于横隔板刚度不足问题应给予足够重视。     

潭邵高速公路软土地基承载力参数灰色关联研究

从地基土的物理力学性质出发,选用潭邵高速公路工程具有典型意义的两个工点作为软土地基钻探取样与原位的试验点,利用灰色系统的理论方法—灰色关联分析法,对软土地基承载力的影响因素进行量化分析,研究结果表明:轻型动力触探击数对承载力大小变化最为敏感,其次为软土的天然密度、压缩模量、粘聚力和塑性指数,而天然含水量、孔隙比和液性指数相对较不敏感。