基于能量法的跟管钻进最大深度计算及应用

为解决潜孔锤跟管钻进最大深度难以确定的问题，基于能量法分析冲击功与应变能的转换情况，提出跟管钻进最大深度的假设条件和理论计算方法，并结合现有相关技术规范，通过类比法对跟管钻进的地层侧阻力取值进行完善和补充，然后应用相关实例分析和验证。通过研究和验证取得成果如下： 1）采用材料力学能量法理论，提出较系统、全面的跟管钻进最大深度计算方法； 2）给出单一地层最大深度的计算公式和多个地层的计算步骤； 3）提出套管与地层间动摩阻的取值依据和方法； 4）提出中和点概念，得出双冲击器作用下套管柱受到的应变能作用原理； 5）增大冲击功和增加套管壁厚均有利于提高跟管的最大深度，但影响幅度较小。     

站台门间隙探测装置和列车运行互锁的分析

基于城市轨道交通车站站台门与列车之间的间隙中存在滞留乘客、造成乘客人身伤亡的危险性,由于在城市轨道交通线路无人驾驶过程中,没有值乘人员对列车运行装置进行直接监控,必须由系统替代司机自动判断该间隙中是否有乘客滞留。简要叙述站台门间隙探测装置的现状,对站台门间隙探测和列车运行互锁方案进行分析,并对无人驾驶地铁线路的应用解决方案提出建议。     

特种装备项目的节能评估方法研究

特种装备的购置及改造项目属于固定资产投资范畴,在审批环节中应进行节能审查。本文以科学考察船为例,基于分析科学考察船与其他类固定资产的不同,阐述了科学考察船建设方案的节能评估、能源消费种类及能耗测算方法,并就评估过程中存在的问题提出了相关建议。     

能耗吸收装置在城市轨道交通系统中的应用

介绍了城市轨道交通系统能耗吸收装置的原理和组成,分析了能耗吸收装置的能量吸收过程和系统控制方式,总结了能耗吸收装置运用过程中的故障种类、故障现象及相应的故障解决方法。     

Potential of low viscosity oils to reduce CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of urban buses fleets

This paper shows the results of a comparative fleet test the main objective of which was to measure the influence of Low Viscosity Oils (LVO) over the fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions of urban buses. To perform this test, 39 urban buses, classified into candidate and reference groups depending on the engine oil viscosity, covered a 60,000 km mileage corresponding to two rounds of standard Oil Drain Interval (ODI). In the same way, for 9 buses of the 39 buses, the effect of differential LVO over fuel consumption and their interaction with engine LVO was assessed during the second ODI.Test results confirm that the use of LVO could reduce fuel consumption, hence CO₂ emissions. However, special attention should be taken prior to its implementation in a fleet, particularly if the vehicles are powered by engines with high mechanical and thermal stresses during vehicle operation because this could lead to friction loss increase, loss of the potential fuel consumption reduction of LVO and, in the worst scenario, higher rates of engine wear.     

Impact of transition between signal timing plans in social cost based in delay,fuel consumption and air emissions

Significant effects of traffic congestion include the cost associated with extra travel time, fuel consumption, and gas emissions. This paper develops a mathematical function to quantify the monetary impact of transition designs between signal timing plans on users and the environment. This function offers an approach to reduce problems such as excessive travel time, pollution emissions and fuel consumption. The proposed social cost function is evaluated for various transition plans to assess the impact of the number of steps required to adjust signal timing. The relationships between delay, fuel consumption and gas emissions and the number of steps needed to achieve the transition are also analysed.     

Integrated design optimization of spar floating wind turbines

A linearized aero-hydro-servo-elastic floating wind turbine model is presented and used to perform integrated design optimization of the platform, tower, mooring system, and blade-pitch controller for a 10 MW spar floating wind turbine. Optimal design solutions are found using gradient-based optimization with analytic derivatives, considering both fatigue and extreme response constraints, where the objective function is a weighted combination of system cost and power quality. Optimization results show that local minima exist both in the soft-stiff and stiff-stiff range for the first tower bending mode and that a stiff-stiff tower design is needed to reach a solution that satisfies the fatigue constraints. The optimized platform has a relatively small diameter in the wave zone to limit the wave loads on the structure and an hourglass shape far below the waterline. The shape increases the restoring moment and natural frequency in pitch, which leads to improved behaviour in the low-frequency range. The importance of integrated optimization is shown in the solutions for the tower and blade-pitch control system, which are clearly affected by the simultaneous design of the platform. State-of-the-art nonlinear time-domain analyses show that the linearized model is conservative in general, but reasonably accurate in capturing trends, suggesting that the presented methodology is suitable for preliminary integrated design calculations.     

双弧型横向钢阻尼装置试验研究与应用分析

以商合杭客运专线颍上特大桥为工程背景,对双弧型横向钢阻尼装置的应用性能进行了试验研究.结果表明:双弧型横向钢阻尼装置具有较好的滞回特性,应用双弧型横向钢阻尼装置可以降低桥梁横桥向1阶频率,减小桥梁横向地震力,提高桥梁的抗震性能,但并未改变桥梁的振型特征.     

Simplified buckling-and-contact-based expansion method for assessment of crashworthiness of double-hulled ship structure

Ship-to-ship collision events can have severe consequences such as loss of life and environmental degradation. For this reason, modern ship designs are required to incorporate a double-hulled structure to prevent inner-hull damage from such events. Using the experimental or numerical method to analyze the crashworthiness of double-hulled ship structures entails much effort, for which reason neither method is easy to adopt at the early design stage. In this paper, an existing simplified method called Ito's method is improved by a new buckling-and-contact-based expansion method. This method can be applied to double-hulled-structure or outer-hull-local-rupture failure mode. The perpendicular bow-to-side collision scenario is assumed for a conservative estimation of damage to a double-hulled structure. The method was verified in the present study by numerical ship collision simulations of several cases. The results for the buckling-and-contact-based expansion method and numerical simulation were similar for a blunt shape of striking body but different for a sharp shape.     

安装风阻制动装置的高速列车制动距离研究

随着高速列车运行速度的提高,采用包括风阻制动技术在内的组合制动方式以保证高速列车紧急制动时达到规定的制动距离成为热点研究方向。文章针对目前研发中的新型分布式风阻制动装置,采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法对安装风阻制动装置的列车进行了制动力计算,并将相关结果作为输入参数,评估不同布置工况下风阻制动装置对高速列车制动距离的影响。依据评估结果,确定了风阻制动装置的适用速度范围、使用特点及效果。