水压爆破技术在隧道掘进施工中的应用

水压爆破是一种节能环保新型爆破技术,在提高工效、缓解工期压力、节省成本和保护环境等方面有比较显著的效果.通过介绍水压爆破的基本原理和工艺,结合在沪昆客专贵州段5标茅坪山隧道掘进施工中的实际应用,检验了水压爆破的优越性,对水压爆破在隧道施工中的应用进行了全面的总结分析,为水压爆破的推广使用提供了借鉴.     

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无线传感网是采集实时交通信息的重要工具.因其节点能量有限,必须设计高能效的分簇路由算法以延长网络周期.本文通过建立一种智能交通中无线传感器网络的应用模型,根据其特点和要求分析LEACH协议的优缺点并提出一种能量负载均衡的分簇算法.该算法对LEACH协议当中的簇首机制进行改进,综合考虑候选节点的剩余能量和簇首节点的分布位置;建立簇间多跳路由机制以避免单跳通信的大能量消耗;创造一种簇重构方法,避免过于频繁的簇重构引起的不必要能量消耗.仿真结果表明,能量均衡算法可有效平衡节点能量消耗分布,延长网络生命周期,可很好的应用于基于WSN的ITS当中.     

High-speed rail's potential for the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from short haul aviation: a longitudinal study of modal substitution from an energy generation and renewable energy perspective

Abstract

This paper quantifies and evaluates, utilising a ‘bottom-up’ approach, the effect on CO₂ emissions of a modal shift from short-haul air travel to high-speed rail (HSR), based on projected passenger movements, between Sydney and Melbourne, Australia during the period 2010–2030. To date, peer-reviewed studies assessing the CO₂ emissions from these competing modes of high-speed transportation have been restricted principally to a cross-sectional assessment, with a Eurocentric bias. This present comparative study seeks to address a gap in the literature by assessing, longitudinally, the CO₂ emissions associated with the proposed operation of HSR against the ‘business-as-usual’ air scenario between Sydney and Melbourne. Under the assumed 50/50 modal shift, and the Australian government's current renewable electricity target, an annual reduction in CO₂ emissions of approximately 14% could be achieved when compared with a ‘business-as-usual’ air scenario. This percentage reduction represents a 62 kt reduction in base year, 2010, and a 114 kt reduction in the final year, 2030. In total, the overall reduction achieved by such a modal shift, under the assumed conditions, during the period 2010–2030, equates to approximately 1.87 Mt of CO₂. Importantly, if the electrical energy supply for HSR operations was further ‘decarbonised’, then it follows that a greater emission reduction would be achieved.     

Fuel price changes and their impacts on urban transport – a literature review using bibliometric and content analysis techniques, 1972–2017

ABSTRACT

While the period of heightened oil prices in 2005–2014 has attracted considerable academic and policy attention, there is scant cross-disciplinary research considering energy price, transport and land use together. In car dependent societies many socio-economically disadvantaged areas often lack public and active transport accessibility. Emerging research focus has been placed on issues of transport equity including effects of fuel prices. We reviewed 45 years (1972–2017) of publications about fuel price impacts, transport, and urban context, drawn from Web of Science listed publications. Bibliographic citation analysis reveals eight major research clusters with a set of inter-city comparative studies at their centre. The historical evolution, geographical trends, research approaches and the key themes are revealed by context analysis. The paper highlights the need for further studies looking at energy, transport and land use interaction, and suggests a greater focus on transport equity.     

国内新能源公交车发展状况及问题探析

文章分析了部分客车生产企业在新能源公交车方面的发展动态及研发出的新能源客车车型,国内部分城市推广现状及公交企业在新能源客车进行了示范应用效果,通过重点分析LNG、混合动力、燃料电池、纯电动等新能源公交车的技术特性及其应用前景,总结出当前在发展新能源公交车方面存在的主要问题并提出部分建议,从而便于进一步促进国内新能源公交客车应用及推广。     

新能源电动汽车驱动电机工程设计

从电动汽车对驱动电机的要求,选取电机磁路结构、主要参数的确定等方面介绍永磁同步电动机的设计方法,通过有限元仿真分析验证该工程设计方案的可行性。     

新能源电动汽车用电机简述

解析新能源电动汽车用驱动电机的要求及主要性能参数;对新能源汽车目前所采用的各种类型驱动电机一一作了简述;分析各类驱动电机的结构特点、应用范围及优缺点。     

汽车电路保护装置开发及验证

整车电路是整车电子信号的载体,整车电路保护装置具备电源分配和电路保护的功能。整车电路系统安全方面相关设计的好坏直接关系到汽车安全性,本文主要介绍熔断丝的开发及验证。     

基于单片机的隧道清洗车避障系统设计

根据隧道清洗车的作业环境和特点,研究设计了一种隧道清洗车的自动避障系统,控制系统选用C8051F310单片机,检测系统选用激光、超声波测距装置,采用C51语言编写系统程序,进行了系统设计、硬件选型、软件设计、性能测试。结果表明,这种自动避障系统能达到规定的性能要求,检测准确可靠,可以大大提高国产隧道清洗车的安全性和清洁效果,同时减轻作业负荷。     

重型混合动力车辆能耗排放测试系统的集成和验证

基于重型转鼓及全流定容采样稀释系统,集成了重型混合动力车辆(HD-HEV)能耗排放测试系统。在我国典型城市公交循环下,利用该系统对某并联混合动力公交车辆的能耗排放进行了测量,并对该测试系统进行了评价验证。结果表明,重型转鼓能够以小于2.5%的误差模拟试验车辆的行驶阻力;混合动力车辆的制动能量回收过程可以在转鼓复现;可以以较高的跟踪精度复现测试循环且各重复测试结果的重复性好。