基于公路改扩建节能减排造价管理系统的研究

随着节能减排工作的深化和细化,公路基础设施建设的节能减排越来越受到重视。基于全国公路工程造价管理系统和中国生命周期核心数据库,可以快速实现改扩建公路生命周期能耗和碳排放的规范化核算,从而筛选出节能减排效益较优的设计方案。文章通过海南省某省道改扩建项目的实证研究,为设计方案节能减排核算及效益评价提供范例,为优化公路建设行业节能减排管理提供思路。     

悬挂式单轨列车再生制动能馈装置研究

悬挂式单轨作为一种新型的交通型式,已在我国多座城市建成示范线并正在进行商业推广。本文的研究旨在通过对几种再生制动能量吸收装置的比选分析,将传统的再生制动能量吸收理念引入到悬挂式单轨交通领域。结合目前正在设计实施的崇礼旅游基础设施空中列车项目,根据设定的前置条件,分析计算列车制动电流和功率,选择能馈装置容量,并就各种运行工况分析能馈装置的能量吸收能力,得出能馈型装置适用于悬挂式单轨再生制动能量的吸收,基本满足列车电制动要求的结论。     

Estimating fuel burn impacts of taxi-out delay with implications for gate-hold benefits

The aviation community is actively investigating initiatives to reduce aircraft fuel consumption from surface operations, as surface management strategies may face fewer implementation barriers compared with en route strategies. One fuel-saving initiative for the air transportation system is the possibility of holding aircraft at the gate, or the spot, until the point at which they can taxi unimpeded to the departure runway. The extent to which gate holding strategies have financial and environmental benefits hinges on the quantity of fuel that is consumed during surface operations. A pilot of an aircraft may execute the taxi procedure on a single engine or utilize different engine thrust rates during taxi because of a delay. In the following study, we use airline fuel consumption data to estimate aircraft taxi fuel consumption rates during the “unimpeded” and “delayed” portions of taxi time. We find that the fuel consumption attributed to a minute of taxi-out delay is less than that attributed to minute of unimpeded taxi time; for some aircraft types, the fuel consumption rate for a minute of taxi delay is half of that for unimpeded taxi. It is therefore not appropriate, even for rough calculations, to apply nominal taxi fuel consumption rates to convert delayed taxi-out time into fuel burn. On average we find that eliminating taxi delay would reduce overall flight fuel consumption by about 1%. When we consider the savings on an airport-by-airport basis, we find that for some airports the potential reduction from reducing taxi delay is as much as 2%.     

超弹性SMA唯象本构模型及其在震动控制中的应用

超弹性形状记忆合金(SMA)具有可恢复应变大、与其他基体耦合难度低以及耐腐蚀性能好等优点,是实施结构振(震)动控制的理想材料。为充分发挥超弹性SMA的减振(震)性能,必须寻找可准确描述其物理力学性能的本构模型。本文对Graesser-Cozzarelli(G-C)唯象本构模型进行拓展,通过在G-C模型中加入马氏体硬化项,描述超弹性SMA在大应变幅值工况下的应力-应变关系;设计一种具有自复位功能的位移放大型SMA减震装置,并将建立的超弹性SMA改进G-C唯象本构模型应用于该减震装置控制结构的动力时程分析。相关数值分析结果表明:改进G-C唯象本构模型形式简单、概念明确、参数容易得到,具有一定的工程应用价值,可为SMA基减震装置力学性能数值仿真及其在被动减震控制中的应用提供理论基础。     

Development a new power management strategy for power split hybrid electric vehicles

Reduction of greenhouse gas emission and fuel consumption as one of the main goals of automotive industry leading to the development hybrid vehicles. The objective of this paper is to investigate the energy management system and control strategies effect on fuel consumption, air pollution and performance of hybrid vehicles in various driving cycles. In order to simulate the hybrid vehicle, the combined feedback–feedforward architecture of the power-split hybrid electric vehicle based on Toyota Prius configuration is modeled, together with necessary dynamic features of subsystem or components in ADVISOR. Multi input fuzzy logic controller developed for energy management controller to improve the fuel economy of a power-split hybrid electric vehicle with contrast to conventional Toyota Prius Hybrid rule-based controller. Then, effects of battery’s initial state of charge, driving cycles and road grade investigated on hybrid vehicle performance to evaluate fuel consumption and pollution emissions. The simulation results represent the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed control strategy. Also, results indicate that proposed controller is reduced fuel consumption in real and modal driving cycles about 21% and 6% respectively.     

一种新型船用吊机防晃装置及非线性动力学分析

针对深水吊装作业摆动抑制问题，设计了一种新型船用吊机防晃装置，采用仿真建模技术及拉格朗日方程，在Simulink仿真软件上，建立船用吊机防晃装置非线性动力学模型，得到了在不同拉力、吊索长度、波浪频率下吊物运动角度时程响应。结果表明，有防晃装置的情况下吊物的位移可减小80%左右，新型船用吊机防晃装置具有明显的消摆作用。     

LNG冷能的船舶冷库与空调系统设计与分析

针对LNG动力船中LNG燃料的冷能多且未被加以利用的问题,设计了一套利用LNG冷能的船舶冷库和空调系统,并选择系统所需的冷媒,同时利用Hysys软件对系统进行了流程模拟,简述其具体流程,并且对该系统所需主要换热器进行选型、材料的选择、结构的设计以及应力的校核,最后对该系统的经济性进行了分析,该LNG冷能利用系统的主要目的是将LNG冷能作为LNG动力船上冷库和室内空调的冷源,从而达到节能降耗的目的。     

电动机架悬新型驱动装置的基本结构与分析比较

着重介绍了4种具有盘形制动功能的轮对空心轴式电机架悬新型驱动装置的基本结构,并对它们的特点进行了全面的分析比较。结合我国常用速度200km/h机车的发展,提出了应积极开发研究掌握具有交流电动机、承载式传动齿轮箱、盘形制动功能、弹性架悬等特征的我国第二代电动机架悬技术。     

基于PCI总线智能通讯系统的设计与实现

描述了一种基于PCI总线的实时智能通讯系统的设计以及实现，应用了嵌入式微控制器AMl86CC以及PCI目标设备接口芯片AMCCS5920。并设计相关逻辑控制上位机(PCI总线)与下位机(局部总线)的数据交换以及外部通信，充分利用了PCI总线的高效能和嵌入式通讯控制器的强大功能，并设计出基于VxWorks的配套设备驱动程序，使系统更加完善。