大型客运站股道分配问题的模型与算法

铁路大型客运站的股道分配问题是指在列车运行图与车站平面图的时空约束条件下,为列车分配无冲突的进路和站台。本文提出一种基于约束规划的方法讨论这个问题。首先将约束条件分为硬约束和软约束,它们分别反映车站作业安全要求以及对股道和进路的选择偏好;然后将求解过程分为约束识别、值排序以及Back-tracking搜索3个步骤。对某大型客运站的案例分析表明,该方法可以求解大型客运站的股道分配问题。这一方法为检验列车运行图的可行性以及制订车站作业计划提供技术支持。     

多孔式液气缓冲器单自由度动力学分析

从机械振动学的角度分析了机车车辆多孔式液气缓冲器的结构模型,并建立了单自由度振动模型,然后运用动力学基本知识建立了运动方程,通过方程的求解明确了多孔式液气缓冲器缓冲过程的运动轨迹以及影响参数,为此类缓冲器的优化设计提供了一定的理论参考。     

缓冲型球艏的艏柱设计计算分析

依据缓冲球艏设计要求,提出棱柱型艏柱设计方案,运用有限元分析软件LS-DYNA对采用传统艏柱与棱柱型艏柱结构的12 000 t油船进行船艏碰撞的仿真分析,发现棱柱型艏柱结构比传统艏柱结构球艏更易被压溃.     

Coupler dynamic performance analysis of heavy haul locomotives

In this paper, a train dynamic model was developed to study the dynamic performance of heavy haul locomotives, taking into account the use of different coupler and buffer systems under conditions of severe longitudinal coupler compressive forces. The model consists of four locomotives each having 38 independent degrees of freedom and one dummy freight vehicle connected to each other by couplers and buffers. Simulation results showed that the longitudinal coupler compressive forces withstood by large rotation angle couplers with coupler shoulders were larger than those withstood by small rotation angle couplers. The results obtained for the large rotation angle coupler model showed that it had higher safety curve negotiation speeds. Due to the smaller static impedance, it was found that large capacity elastic clay (or cement) buffers cannot satisfy the requirement of heavy haul locomotives during cycle braking in long heavy downgraded tracks; the use of friction clay buffers can solve this problem.     

大容量客车缓冲器性能分析

旅客列车扩编以后列车冲动加剧,车钩、缓冲器及制动装置均需改进。仅改进缓冲器性能虽不是治本之策,但却简易可行。本文仅就如何设计一个合适的缓冲器从理论上、结构上多方面加以分析与探讨,并通过算例对适用于扩编旅客列车的缓冲器提出了一些设想与建议。      

高速大容量内燃机示功图信号采集的软件实现

在分析内燃机示功图信号采集特点的基础上,提出了一种针对内燃机示功图的软硬件相结合的便携采集方案,在采集软件的设计中采用了多线程技术、循环缓存技术、与采集异步的连续存储技术和实时显示曲线的两次绘图法,以这些技术为基础在VC++6.0下实现了高速大容量内燃机示功图数据的连续采集、显示与存储。给出了关键算法的VC代码,最后给出了一个实测系统的采集实例。试验证明:结合适当的硬件,采用软件实现示功图信号的高速采集是可行的,能保证数据的正确性与完整性。     

Variations in household transport expenditure within major Australian cities

A comparative analysis of intra‐urban variations in household transport expenditure in 1966–68 is undertaken for the two largest Australian cities, Sydney and Melbourne, and one of the smaller State capitals, Adelaide. Regional variations in transport expenditure are found to be greater the larger the city; however residents of small cities are more dependent upon the car for their motorised travel. In the larger cities car dependence is most evident among low‐to‐middle income groups at a relatively early stage in the life cycle, located in outer suburban areas. Consequently high levels of expenditure on transport typically coincide with relatively high levels of financial commitments to home purchase and/or operation. This has significant ramifications for the household budget, the most notable being deficit‐funding, and reduced outlays on other expenditure items such as recreation and education. The distribution of company vehicles and allowances is shown to be of relatively greater benefit to higher income groups, although is not confined to them. Although somewhat dated, the findings suggest that the social impacts of rising prices for energy will almost certainly be regressive.

Note: This paper was presented to the 7th PTRC Summer Annual Meeting held at the University of Warwick in July 1979. The authors gratefully acknowledge the contribution of the Australian Road Research Board in the preparation of the paper. Particular appreciation is expressed to Dr. M. R. Wigan, Mr. K. Sharp and Dr. M. G. Lay for their helpful comments.     

新型接触网检测车实时数据处理系统

本文设计了一个用缓冲ＲＡＭ接口传送据的接触网检测数据处理系统结构，对数据处理系统的抗干扰措施作了较详细的介绍，最后提出了多媒体技术在接触网检测中的几种应用。     

第2代单元列车车辆连接问题

介绍了国外第2代单元列车的车辆连接特点及其对降低列车纵向力的作用;对无间隙牵引杆的曲线通过性能与传统车钩缓冲装置作了对比;分析了第2代单元列车用缓冲器的型式及指标;对我国重载列车用无间隙牵引杆的参数选取及缓冲器的选型提出了建议。     

农业废弃植物纤维衬垫缓冲性能及应用研究

通过农业废弃植物纤维衬垫的静态压缩试验,比较植物纤维缓冲衬垫、蜂窝纸板与EPS泡沫塑料的应力-应变(σ-ε)曲线;并绘制出植物纤维衬垫的缓冲系数-最大应力(C-σm))曲线、缓冲系数-应变量(C-ε)曲线、缓冲系数-变形能(C-E)曲线供缓冲设计使用;最后对农业废弃植物纤维缓冲衬垫在铁路大宗货物运输中的应用进行了研究。