隧道开挖中两种围护方式综合使用的探讨

该文以宁波火车南站地下车库连接隧道为例,探讨在复杂条件下隧道基坑围护设计碰到的一些问题及其对策,为同类问题提供参考。     

缩减弹性模量有限元法计算加肋轴对称组合壳的极限载荷

将缩减弹性模量的思想融入基于轴对称壳单元的有限元分析,建立缩减弹性模量有限元法,计算加肋轴对称组合壳的极限载荷。建立壳单元弹性状态、局部屈服状态和截面屈服状态的判断条件;提出弹性模量调整策略和组合壳极限状态的判断方法,实现对加肋轴对称组合壳的塑性极限分析。编制了计算程序,算例表明该方法计算时间省,计算精度较高。     

气泡高速艇波浪中阻力及纵向运动模型试验研究

在高速拖曳水池里,开展了气泡高速艇规则波中阻力及纵向运动模型试验,研究了气流量、艇型、艇底开槽等因素对气层减阻率及艇体纵向运动性能的影响。结果表明:艇底形式对波浪中的气层减阻率有重要影响。艇底设置断阶时,在短波中减阻率为5%,长波中的减阻率达20.5%;艇底开槽时,在试验波长范围内,减阻率可达30%左右;对本身具有良好喷溅抑制作用的艇型,艇底直接喷气减阻率为8%,且不受波长变化的影响。艇底气层对纵向运动性能影响较小,长波中还略有改善;艇底槽深主要影响不喷气时的阻力,对饱和喷气下的阻力影响甚微。     

船舶气囊下水工艺及其下水坡道的设计

近年随着造船业的发展,船舶气囊下水工艺得到了诸多船厂的广泛采用。但由于与下水工艺密切相关的下水坡道的设计没有得到足够的重视,使得船舶下水仍然存在安全隐患。介绍了船舶气囊下水工艺过程,分析了下水坡道设计中存在的问题,提出了下水坡道设计中应考虑的因素,结合工程实例阐述了坡道设计的相关要点。     

长益常城际铁路速度目标值的选择

速度目标值是城际铁路设计时的核心指标,在选取时主要以适应客流需求、与区域其他交通运输方式相协调、与沿线社会经济发展相适应为原则,体现有利于吸引客流、减少工程投资和运营成本的效益最大化原则。速度目标值的选择主要通过本线客流特点、时间目标值的选择和具体多个速度目标值的比选得出。文中以长沙—益阳—常德速度目标值的选择为例,阐述铁路设计中客运专线速度目标值的选择方式和方法。     

16000t成品油船螺旋桨液压无键联接的设计计算

为提高螺旋桨的安装、拆卸效率和使用寿命,采用螺旋桨液压无键联接方式,以16000t成品油船为例,介绍螺旋桨液压无键联接的设计计算方法以及参数的选取。     

1000t甲板驳改1800t自航驳船板换新处理

针对将1000t甲板驳改造为1800t自航驳的工程要求,根据船检规范进行校核计算,在保证船体强度的前提下,考虑到旧船改造面临改造费用有限,尽量少增加成本,合理确定船板换新方案。     

槽型舱壁极限强度的数值分析

通过采用ANSYS软件,在考虑几何和材料非线性的基础上,对系列槽型舱壁在线性静水压下的极限强度进行了有限元数值分析。讨论了不同槽型角度、板厚、边界约束形式及用钢量等对槽型舱壁极限承载力的影响。经过计算分析发现,槽型角度及板厚的增加均对槽体极限强度和单位用钢量有影响,但前者的增加对槽体极限强度的提高更有效;舱壁约束对结构的极限承载力有较大影响;合理的边界条件能较大提高其结构承载能力。     

深水爆破挤淤装药器的研发与应用

爆破挤淤施工药包的精确定位以及装药效率是确保工程质量和施工进度的关键,这都取决于装药器。介绍了沥港渔港工程概况和特点。详细介绍了装药器的研制和装药器施工工艺。改进后的装药器在施工中取得良好的效果。     

Bus congestion, optimal infrastructure investment and the choice of a fare collection system in dedicated bus corridors

Microeconomic optimisation of scheduled public transport operations has traditionally focused on finding optimal values for the frequency of service, capacity of vehicles, number of lines and distance between stops. In addition, however, there exist other elements in the system that present a trade-off between the interests of users and operators that have not received attention in the literature, such as the optimal selection of a fare payment system and a designed running speed (i.e., the cruising speed that buses maintain in between two consecutive stops). Alternative fare payment methods (e.g., on-board and off-board, payment by cash, magnetic strip or smart card) have different boarding times and capital costs, with the more efficient systems such as a contactless smart card imposing higher amounts of capital investment. Based on empirical data from several Bus Rapid Transit systems around the world, we also find that there is a positive relationship between infrastructure cost per kilometre and commercial speed (including stops), achieved by the buses, which we further postulate as a linear relationship between infrastructure investment and running speed. Given this context, we develop a microeconomic model for the operation of a bus corridor that minimises total cost (users and operator) and has five decision variables: frequency, capacity of vehicles, station spacing, fare payment system and running speed, thus extending the traditional framework. Congestion, induced by bus frequency, plays an important role in the design of the system, as queues develop behind high demand bus stops when the frequency is high. We show that (i) an off-board fare payment system is the most cost effective in the majority of circumstances; (ii) bus congestion results in decreased frequency while fare and bus capacity increase, and (iii) the optimal running speed grows with the logarithm of demand.