经营性高速公路合理收益率的界定及计算方法

经营性高速公路的合理收益率是科学制定收费标准、促进社会公平的关键所在. 本文从现实案例、随机变量和政府管理角度出发,将合理收益率界定为取值区间,以投资收益率来衡量.以成本的概念和价格管制理论为基础,分别将基准收益率和降低一个服务等级对应的收益率作为区间的下限值和上限值;论述了当经济利润为零时的收益,包括资金的时间价值和可能获得的最高收益,因此以CAPM模型结合WACC模型对基准收益率进行量化的理由是充分的;基于投入产出表给出了市场期望收益率参数的标定模型;在算例情况下,合理收益率为7.47%–10.1%,为制定和调整高速公路通行费率提供依据.     

交通运输行业引进民间资的主要方式探讨

文章在调查分析现有投资政策、交通投融资现状及问题基础上,从交通基础设施建设、交通运输服务业、新兴交通产业发展3个领域,提出了传统融资方式、交通产业基金、争取地方发债、创建交通产业园区、运用委托贷款、依托综合枢纽建设、交通公益基金会、交通资产证券化等8种方式引进民间资本。     

基于灰色多层次的机场投资风险评价研究

根据全面性、系统性、科学性与可行性相结合的原则,针对机场投资的特点,建立了机场投资风险评价指标体系。运用可拓相似系数法和灰色多层次评价相结合的综合评价法对机场投资风险进行评价。以衡阳机场为例,进行了风险评价研究,得出综合评价值。     

航运企业非理性投资行为影响因素的实证研究

非理性投资行为是导致航运危机的重要原因,也是航运企业可持续发展的关键障碍.基于行为金融学理论,分析组织因素、环境因素、个人因素与航运企业非理性投资行为间的关系,并构建非理性投资行为影响因素的结构方程模型.实证结果显示:问责制度、激励措施、项目熟悉度和经验水平对非理性投资行为具有显著的负向影响;运价走势和竞争压力对非理性投资行为具有显著的正向影响;非理性投资行为会导致航运企业投资风险增加,投资绩效降低.     

A cause of oversupply and failure in the shipping market: measuring herding behavior effects

ABSTRACT

The shipping market is volatile. In general, the shipping market cycle shows four stages, through—recovery—peak—collapse, while a upward trend lasts for 7~8 years and a downward trend for another 7~8 years. So the market’s bubble is not sustainable but always ends in a recessionary trend. The economic cycle is common knowledge and an axiom of the shipping industry, but many ship-owners take no account of it. Previous study stated that ship-owners’ fears, triggered by a violently changeable market, make them mimic the crowd mind or herd mentality, following market sentiment. This study aims to measure the effects of herding behavior (HB), triggered by market sentiment, on the shipping market. We attempt to address two research questions: (1) How does HB arise, and what course does it follow? (2) How many vessels (or how many tons) were purchased under the influence of HB? We estimate that 50.5% (227.8 vessels) of the total vessels or 30.4% (3,670.2 tons) of the total tonnage were purchased under the influence of HB. Looking at international finance, we found that ship investment HB is a very strong factor of the recent shipping market, at least in Korea.     

价值工程在工程设计方案优选中的应用

建设项目投资控制贯穿于工程建设全过程,设计阶段是全过程投资控制的关键环节。在工程设计方案优选中引入价值工程理论,并指出价值工程分析的不确定性,应用灰色关联分析理论改进价值工程,使工程造价、使用成木及建筑产品功能匹配合理,有效降低建设投资。     

Towards improved port capacity investment decisions under uncertainty: a real options approach

ABSTRACT

Port activity plays an important role in facilitating international trade. Sufficient capacity is indispensable for a port to attract flows to a region and retain them. The capacity decision is the result of a trade-off between investment and waiting costs. Traditional methods to value expansion projects do not deal adequately with managerial flexibility in the face of uncertainty from different sources in the complex port environment. In this paper, real options (RO) models are identified as an alternative method to making project valuations and investment decisions, as they attribute the correct value to managerial flexibility under uncertainty. In order to be able to build and use such RO models for port capacity investment decisions, the sources and implications of uncertainty in the port and the different RO model specifications need to be understood. To this end, both the literature about uncertainty in the port context and the literature about real options models are reviewed in order to provide researchers who want to build their own decision-making models, with the necessary knowledge of both fields. The review makes clear that the complex interactions in and competition between the logistics chains and their actors coming together in ports have significant impacts on port capacity. Uncertainty is also caused by uncertain international trade flows and changes in legislation following new technologies and environmental impacts. An analysis of the components of some general RO models shows how the options of flexible output, investment size and timing are valued by RO models in a setting with demand uncertainty. Moreover, the review presents researchers with insights in how to deal with cooperative and competitive interactions in the chain, time to build, cyclical markets and legislation changes. It also shows how to value the expansion and the phased investment options. The new insights resulting from this review are subsequently combined in a framework that serves as a guideline to build RO models for port capacity investments. Finally, an exemplifying application of the framework is used to build an actual port capacity investment decision model.     

An examination of the differential impact of highway capital investment on economically disparate Appalachian counties in the USA

Abstract

The economic performance of Appalachian counties in the USA varies substantially across the region. The Appalachian Regional Commission has divided the 410 counties into four major categories: distressed, transitional, competitive, and attainment. This paper applies spatial models that account for spatial interdependence to evaluate the impact of Appalachian highways on economically disparate counties. Using a spatial autoregressive model in a production function framework, it is found that distressed counties gain from highways whereas competitive counties actually suffer from a negative backwash effect that tends to draw productive activity away from these counties into neighboring counties.     

新形势下的基础设施投融资改革初探——城市轨道TOD实践带来的启示

基础设施项目建设对国民经济的拉动效应显而易见,轨道交通建设给城市发展带来更多的机遇和挑战。地方政府在轨道建设前期如何前瞻规划、统筹安排和有效整合沿线资源,探索适合的建设模式对实现项目的可持续发展至关重要。以深圳地铁6号线为例,借鉴香港"轨道+物业"轨道发展经验,通过优化轨道交通沿线土地利用布局和开发强度,实践轨道交通TOD开发模式。阐述城轨TOD与香港地铁"轨道+物业"的理念,分析香港地铁"轨道+物业"模式在大陆应用存在的问题,介绍"轨道+物业"理念在深圳地铁6号线规划研究中的应用成果,将"轨道+物业"的模式与传统模式进行对比,总结城市轨道交通TOD模式成功实施的重要条件。最后对国内城轨TOD成功实施提出一些建议:创新城市轨道交通沿线土地出让和储备机制,探索城市轨道交通和城市空间规划接驳机制,完善城市轨道交通管理体制机制,完善政策及技术规范支撑,加强法规制度保障等。     

停车场产业政策环境及投资分析

随着汽车产量及保有量飞速增长,各城市停车场供给严重不足,中国停车场产业的发展面临巨大挑战。首先对中国停车场产业市场环境和政策环境进行分析,指出中国停车场投资建设项目享受的优惠政策有限且扶持力度一般。然后,对停车场经营企业的主要业务模式进行归纳,重点对不同投资规模项目进行分析。结果显示：轻资产类型停车场项目对成本控制要求比较严格,毛利率较低,主要依靠规模经济;重资产类型项目对产业政策依赖程度较高,若无足够政策扶持,投资的内部收益水平及投资回收期都难以达到正常投资要求。最后指出,中国停车场产业需要更有效的行业政策支持,特别是商业配套面积扶持。