周期运行图编制模型与算法研究

在周期运行的运输组织模式下,所有列车在车站到发都是周期循环发生的。将安排列车运行线的问题看作周期事件安排问题,并借助周期约束图及周期势差模型,可以建立周期运行图网络模型。模型充分考虑到列车不同情况下的停站时间、到发安全间隔等各项周期约束,并将列车的总停留时间最小作为目标函数。当约束图顶点和弧的数量众多时,模型的求解将比较困难。通过选择合适的约束图生成树,找到变量的合理取值范围,并对模型进行一些预先简化处理,可以降低模型的求解难度。最后求解一个区段不同列车开行方案的周期运行图,验证模型的可行性。     

识读汽车电路图

介绍汽车电路图的表达方法和典型风格，并对这些表达方法作了初步评价，较为全面地归纳了识读汽车电路图的一般要领，旨在帮助初学者较快地掌握汽车电路图的识读方法。     

网络计划技术在项目施工管理中的应用

本文简要介绍了网络计划技术在北京城市铁路信号系统设备安装工程管理过程中的应用。     

UML Galaxy Diagram： An Approach of Conceptual Data Integration for OLAP

IntroductionWith the development of contemporary elec-tronic commerce,the multidimensional data analy-sis for On-Line Analytical Processing(OLAP)onthe web makes it necessary to integrate various da-ta sources such as Extensible Markup Language(XML)data and relational data on the conceptuallevel.XML is quickly becoming the new standardfor data representation and exchange on the WorldWide Web[1].At present,the most widespreadconceptual model is the Unified Modeling Lan-guage(UML)which …     

基于AUTOCAD的电气原理图综合系统的开发

为能实现电气图纸信息的数字化，将传统的AUTOCAD绘图方式与CADDS5电气设计进行了较好的融合，从而实现了在AUTOCAD环境下绘制电气原理图，取代了在CADDS5电气模块中原理图繁琐的输入环节。     

智能水箱风扇电动机控制系统

介绍商用车水箱风扇电动机控制系统的一种优化方式,精确控制水箱风扇电动机工作的温度范围,从而提升整车性能。     

Air transport and economic growth: a review of the impact mechanism and causal relationships

ABSTRACT

The impacts of air transport on the economy arise both directly, via activity in the aviation sector; and indirectly, via increased spending and wider economic benefits associated with improved access to resources, markets, technology and economic mass. Economic activity, in turn, supports and generates demand for air transport. Despite its potential importance, the reciprocal nature of the causal relationship between air transport and economic performance has remained somewhat understudied. This paper provides a synthesis review of the channels the aviation sector interacts with regional economy. The review focuses on quantitative studies that contribute to the state-of-the-art understandings of the causality. We find that the reciprocal causal relationship is more likely to prevail in less developed economies. For more developed economies, only one direction of the causality is recognised, which runs from air transport to economic growth. Especially substantial is the effect of airline enplanement on service-related employment. The reverse direction of the relationship is, however, not as significant as believed in a causal sense within the developed world. Therefore, cautions need to be taken when applying income elasticities (such as the elasticity of air passenger demand with respect to GDP) in air travel demand forecasting, which implicitly assumes that economic growth causally leads to air traffic increment. Based on the fundamental links between air transport and economic growth, some typical imperfections and inefficiencies in aviation markets are discussed and promising avenues for future research are proposed.     

On the fundamental diagram for freeway traffic: A novel calibration approach for single-regime models

The speed-density or flow-density relationship has been considered as the foundation of traffic flow theory. Existing single-regime models calibrated by the least square method (LSM) could not fit the empirical data consistently well both in light-traffic/free-flow conditions and congested/jam conditions. In this paper, first, we point out that the inaccuracy of single-regime models is not caused solely by their functional forms, but also by the sample selection bias. Second, we apply a weighted least square method (WLSM) that addresses the sample selection bias problem. The calibration results for six well-known single-regime models using the WLSM fit the empirical data reasonably well both in light-traffic/free-flow conditions and congested/jam conditions. Third, we conduct a theoretical investigation that reveals the deficiency associated with the LSM is because the expected value of speed (or a function of it) is nonlinear with regard to the density (or a function of it).