圆柱体高速入水数值模拟研究

为了获得圆柱体高速入水过程的演化规律,采用计算流体力学方法对其进行仿真模拟。应用VOF模型和重叠网格技术对圆柱体入水过程的运动情况进行计算,利用Schnerr-Sauer空化模型对入水空化现象进行模拟。仿真获得圆柱体入水过程的空泡演化过程、压力变化和速度衰减曲线。结果表明:圆柱体高速入水过程中,速度先急剧减小然后逐步平稳降低,空泡开始形成,圆柱头部边角处出现空化现象;在撞水时圆柱头部压力急剧增大,入水后压力迅速减小;入水过程与文献结果变化趋势一致,验证了模型的可靠性。     

湍流作用下颗粒旋转对海水管道的冲蚀磨损过程分析

为了进一步准确预测海水管道携沙的冲蚀磨损,分析了湍流作用下颗粒旋转的冲蚀磨损过程。基于计算流体力学与冲蚀磨损理论,建立了颗粒旋转的数学模型。首先验证了双向耦合对流场的影响,计算了不同冲蚀磨损模型在考虑颗粒旋转条件下的磨损率,讨论了斯托克斯数对磨损位置的影响,分析在考虑颗粒旋转时下不同流速下冲蚀磨损过程。结果表明:考虑颗粒旋转条件下,颗粒在弯头处的运动轨迹发生明显改变,一部分颗粒在惯性力的驱动下直接冲击弯头,另一部分颗粒与弯头产生碰撞后在旋转升力的作用下环绕管壁运动,使得颗粒与壁面碰撞次数增多,颗粒获得充分发展,管道最大磨损率上升。     

中高水头船闸平面阀门空化与启闭解决方案

平面阀门是船闸常用的输水门型,在中高水头作用下,阀门门楣、底缘和门槽容易产生气蚀空化现象,阀门启闭机吊杆也容易受压失稳。基于输水模型试验,采用自然通气法,解决了门楣、底缘和轨道气蚀问题。门体背板错位开孔并保留"∧"形力流通道,满足自然通气,同时提升了门体强度与刚度、避免形成浮箱,保证了主滚轮及侧止水的安装。利用顶止水后设置尼龙块,延长了顶止水脱离门楣的时间,防止顶部水流过早出现与底部水流干涉,减小压力脉动降低声振。通过底止水上游面设置,降低闭门时的上托力,在不设置配重的情况下,确保启闭机吊杆始终受拉;避免了吊杆受压失稳,以较小启闭力实现阀门的正常运行。     

花场湾自然条件及海床演变分析

通过对海南花场湾海域潮汐、潮流、泥沙、波浪以及底质沉积物等自然条件的分析,对该海区的水动力、泥沙环境及海床演变规律进行了研究,论证了花场湾海域略有冲刷的基本特征。     

海岸河口多功能数学模型软件包TK-2D的开发研制

从工程应用角度出发,以解决实际工程问题为目的,针对海岸河口海区的特点,开发了方便有效的多功能数学模型软件包TK-2D。TK-2D由主模块和辅助模块组成。主模块包括五个子模块,即“五场”:波浪场数学模型软件、潮流场数学模型软件、盐度场数学模型软件、悬沙场数学模型软件和地形冲淤场数学模型软件;辅助模块包括前处理软件、后处理软件和动态显示制作软件。大量实际工程的应用证明了TK-2D的实用性和有效性。     

Study on the cavitation characteristics of cupped foils

The effects of cupping on a 0.7 radius foil section with a maximum thickness ratio of 3.5% of the Gawn-Burrill propeller series were studied both numerically and experimentally. A cupped foil increases its lift as a result of the induced camber by the cup, as the numerical results demonstrate. Also, the minimum pressure location of cupped foil moves from midchord to the cupped position near the trailing edge when the foil is in shock-free entrance. The calculated results and the tests confirm that cupped foil increases lift and may improve the cavitation performance of an underpitched propeller.     

汾离高速公路建设水土流失的防治措施

初步分析了山区高速公路建设可能造成水土流失的几个原因，以及如何采取有效的工程措施预防水土流失，保持环境实现可持续发展战略。     

电力机车受电弓滑板材料的发展

随着电力机车的发展,运行速度不断加快,对受电弓滑板材料的要求日益提高,同时也不断地促进了电力机车受电弓滑板材料的发展。现介绍国内外电力机车受电弓滑板材料的发展历程,并根据我国电气化铁路的发展趋势,参照国外高速列车用受电弓滑板材料,展望我国今后电力机车受电弓滑板材料的发展方向。     

Suspended sediment and erosion dynamics in Kugmallit Bay and Beaufort Sea during ice-free conditions

The Mackenzie River is the largest river on the North American side of the Arctic and its huge freshwater and sediment load impacts the Canadian Beaufort Shelf. Huge quantities of sediment and associated organic carbon are transported in the Mackenzie plume into the interior of the Arctic Ocean mainly during the freshet (May to September). Changing climate scenarios portend increased coastal erosion and resuspension that lead to altered river-shelf-slope particle budgets. We measured sedimentation rates, suspended particulate matter (SPM), particle size and settling rates during ice-free conditions in Kugmallit Bay (3–5 m depth). Additionally, measurements of erosion rate, critical shear stress, particle size distribution and resuspension threshold of bottom sediments were examined at four regionally contrasting sites (33–523 m depth) on the Canadian Beaufort Shelf using a new method for assessing sediment erosion. Wind induced resuspension was evidenced by a strong relationship between SPM and wind speed in Kugmallit Bay. Deployment of sediment traps showed decreasing sedimentation rates at sites along an inshore–offshore transect ranging from 5400 to 3700 g m^− 2 day^− 1. Particle settling rates and size distributions measured using a Perspex settling chamber showed strong relationships between equivalent spherical diameter (ESD) and particle settling rates (r² = 0.91). Mean settling rates were 0.72 cm s^− 1 with corresponding ESD values of 0.9 mm. Undisturbed sediment cores were exposed to shear stress in an attempt to compare differences in sediment stability across the shelf during September to October 2003. Shear was generated by vertically oscillating a perforated disc at controlled frequencies corresponding to calibrated shear velocity using a piston grid erosion device. Critical (Type I) erosion thresholds (u) varied between 1.1 and 1.3 cm s^− 1 with no obvious differences in location. Sediments at the deepest site Amundsen Gulf displayed the highest erosion rates (22–54 g m^− 2 min^− 1) with resuspended particle sizes ranging from 100 to 930 µm for all sites. There was no indication of biotic influence on sediment stability, although our cores did not display a fluff layer of unconsolidated sediment. Concurrent studies in the delta and shelf region suggest the importance of a nepheloid layer which transports suspended particles to the slope. Continuous cycles of resuspension, deposition, and horizontal advection may intensify with reduction of sea ice in this region. Our measurements coupled with studies of circulation and cross-shelf exchange allow parameterization and modeling of particle dynamics and carbon fluxes under various climate change scenarios.     

用等压Kutta条件求解三维水翼和螺旋桨片空泡

由于空泡计算的复杂性,国内外以前计算螺旋桨空泡时大多采用的是Morino's Kutta条件,但严格来说,Morino's Kutta只适用二维问题,对三维水翼和螺旋桨空泡的计算会带来一定误差,而等压Kutta条件用Newton-Raphson迭代过程,确保在螺旋桨随边上下表面的压力相等,可以消除Mofino's Kuaa条件所带来的误差,提高空泡在梢部的预报精度.文中用等压Kutta条件预报了三维水翼和螺旋桨的片空泡,并将两种Kutta条件得到的计算结果同试验结果进行了比较.