螺旋桨诱导船体表面脉动压力预报的试验研究

研究了螺旋桨诱导的船体表面脉动压力试验预报值随空气含量变化的规律及螺旋桨模型空泡形态随含气量变化的规律,并与实桨空泡对比分析;探索了脉动压力试验预报与实桨测量值最接近的空气含量控制准则;比较了螺旋桨模型在船模伴流场和修正后的伴流场中工作时,螺旋桨诱导的船体表面脉动压力预报值及螺旋桨模型空泡形态,与实船测量观察结果进行对比,并就伴流场修正对螺旋桨诱导的船体表面脉动压力试验预报的影响作了探讨;研究了螺旋桨诱导的船体表面脉动压力的预报值随桨模试验转速变化的规律。     

Information Presentation of Coastal Morphological Change: Potential Implications for Perceptions of Climate Change Impacts

Visual imagery of costal morphological change processes must be accompanied by supporting information to make change processes understandable. We explored the influence of supporting information (graphs and numeric values) on perceptions of coastal morphological change processes through an experiment delivered to coastal recreationists. Supporting information was presented alongside four imagery types: human perspective digital elevation models (DEMs), human perspective digital photographs, aerial views of DEMs and aerial photography. We found neither the use of graphs nor numeric values influenced respondents' perceptions of coastal environmental change. However, perceptions varied significantly across imagery type; human perspective digital photographs and aerial photographs yielded higher ratings compared to human perspective DEMs and aerial views of DEMs. The results suggest supporting information representing increasingly severe rates of beach erosion and shoreline movement does not translate into perceptions of increasingly dramatic geophysical processes; this is consistent with previous empirical findings. The results also suggest individuals perceive coastal change processes as more severe when those processes are presented through photographs, particularly aerial photographs. Scientists, educators and coastal land use managers struggling to communicate the magnitude and severity associated with coastal geophysical processes are advised to use comparative aerial photography when possible.     

三峡水库蓄水以来重点淤积水道黄花城河床演变及航道变化

针对三峡水库蓄水以来常年回水区重点淤积水道黄花城出现泥沙累积性淤积的问题,根据三峡水库蓄水以来原型观测资料,分析黄花城水道蓄水以来水位变化、泥沙冲淤特性、典型断面冲淤变化和等深线变化,对该河道的航道条件变化和演变趋势进行预测。结果表明:黄花城水道存在细沙累积性淤积,主要淤积部位较为固定,2012年以前淤积速度、厚度和范围均较大,2012年以后随着上游来沙量减少的趋势渐缓,黄花城水道泥沙淤积速度逐渐减小。     

水翼部分空化流动二维数值仿真研究（英文）

In the present study, a new approach is applied to the cavity prediction for two-dimensional(2D) hydrofoils by the potential based boundary element method(BEM). The boundary element method is treated with the source and doublet distributions on the panel surface and cavity surface by the use of the Dirichlet type boundary conditions. An iterative solution approach is used to determine the cavity shape on partially cavitating hydrofoils. In the case of a specified cavitation number and cavity length, the iterative solution method proceeds by addition or subtraction of a displacement thickness on the cavity surface of the hydrofoil. The appropriate cavity shape is obtained by the dynamic boundary condition of the cavity surface and the kinematic boundary condition of the whole foil surface including the cavity. For a given cavitation number the cavity length of the 2D hydrofoil is determined according to the minimum error criterion among different cavity lengths, which satisfies the dynamic boundary condition on the cavity surface. The NACA 16006, NACA 16012 and NACA 16015 hydrofoil sections are investigated for two angles of attack. The results are compared with other potential based boundary element codes, the PCPAN and a commercial CFD code(FLUENT). Consequently, it has been shown that the results obtained from the two dimensional approach are consistent with those obtained from the others.     

矿用多级泵水力性能的数值模拟及性能预测

以矿用多级泵为研究对象,运用CFX软件,采用基于非结构网格的SIMPLE算法和标准k-ε湍流模型对矿用多级泵内部流场进行数值模拟,得到了流场的速度分布和压力分布.选用多相流Mixture模型进行空化模拟,显示首级叶轮的进口背面区域有空泡集聚,通过增大叶轮进口正冲角改善了气蚀状况,并进行了优化模拟验证,同时对多级泵的模拟性能曲线进行了预测,预测结果与实验性能曲线相吻合.     

高抗汽蚀泵的气蚀性能的数值模拟与试验研究

本文是以某特殊用高抗汽蚀泵为研究模型,采用CFD数值模拟技术,基于RNG的k-ε湍流模型和SIMPLEC算法,对泵内部流场进行定常数值模拟,并进行了汽蚀计算。对比试验结果和数值模拟结果得出,数值计算可以较好的预测泵的汽蚀性能,为高抗汽蚀泵的设计和研发提供了基础。     

引大入秦工程盘道岭隧洞病害原因浅析

盘道岭隧洞是"引大入秦"灌溉工程总干渠上最长的无压引水隧洞,穿过大通河与庄浪河流域分水岭,随着第五个国家级新区—兰州新区的成立,引大入秦工程将承担为新区生产生活供水的任务,为重点控制工程.但是由于工程地质条件复杂,隧洞在建时和运营后出现多种病害问题,如地下水的侵蚀、渗漏水、衬砌裂缝等,多次维修仍不能控制.维修期间通过对地下水化学组成的分析,衬砌裂缝监测,裂缝渗漏水处白色沉淀物矿物成分分析,发现地下水具有化学和物理作用,衬砌侵蚀的式为溶出性和化学侵蚀,得到地下水对存在于衬砌中微观裂缝和微孔的发育起到促进作用,地下水是隧洞病害的重要因素,并且裂缝变化是时间效应的累积,盘道岭隧洞没有冻害形式的病害.     

Response of coastal zone management programs to sea level rise in the United States

Abstract

State coastal zone management programs are responding to the potential impacts of accelerated sea level rise through a wide range of activities and policies. This article provides a brief overview of the Coastal Zone Management Act and other federal laws that provide the basis for coastal state regulatory activities. It surveys the level of response to sea level rise by state coastal management programs in 24 marines coastal states, from formal recognition to implementation of policies addressing the issue. Individual state CZMP responses and policies that have been implemented or proposed are categorized. The adaptation of sea level rise to ongoing institutional objectives is discussed and policy constraints and trends are summarized.     

象山湾港区规划方案泥沙淤积分析

采用平面二维潮流数学模型,对象山湾港区规划方案实施前后的流场进行了数值模拟,并在此基础上运用泥沙数学模型模拟该区域含沙量场的分布,进而对规划方案泥沙淤积情况进行分析。根据数值模拟和分析的结果对规划方案进行了评价并提出建议。研究结果表明,象山港所在海区泥沙运动以悬沙为主,规划方案实施后对该港区的泥沙运移不会产生大的影响;从潮流和泥沙角度分析,该港区规划方案各码头泊位布局合理。根据研究结果建议象山湾的港区码头宜顺岸布置并坚持深水深用、浅水浅用的原则。     

公路工程建设中水土流失成因、危害及保持措施

介绍公路工程建设过程中水土流失的成因及其引起的危害，急需在公路建设中强化管理，并根据公路工程不同的分区提出了水土保持具体技术措施。