山区通航河流中桥梁选址和设计应注意的问题及通航影响评价

文章就山区通航河流的基本特征、河道特性,阐述了桥梁在选址和设计时应注意的一些基本问题,并在建桥对河道通航影响作出评价的基础上,简述了保障桥区通航安全的相应措施和手段。     

Challenges and Prospects of Fisheries Co-Management under a Marine Extractive Reserve Framework in Northeastern Brazil

In Brazil, Marine Extractive Reserves—MERs (Reservas Extrativistas Marinhas) represent the most significant government-supported effort to protect the common property resources upon which traditional small-scale fishers depend. From an initial small-scale experience in 1992, MERs have expanded countrywide, now encompassing 30 units (9,700 km²) and nearly 60,000 fishers. Despite such escalating interest in the model, there is little research on the effectiveness of MERs. In this article, we discuss relevant parts of the history and examine the current situation of the fisheries co-management initiative in the Marine Extractive Reserve of Corumbau, which was created in 2000 as the first MER to encompass coral reefs and reef fisheries. We describe the Extractive Reserve co-management arrangement and its main policy and legislative challenges. Finally, we discuss the prospects for the use of MERs as management frameworks for traditional small-scale fisheries in Brazil.     

Understanding Recreational Boater Attitudes to Zoning in a Proposed Marine Protected Area

Although the success of marine protected areas (MPAs) and associated zoning schemes is largely dependent on stakeholder acceptance and support, there have been relatively few studies examining the response of recreational stakeholders to MPA proposals. This study investigates the response of recreational boaters to a proposed MPA in British Columbia, Canada. Using a structured questionnaire (n = 543) and a focus group (n = 6), the research examines the level of support for the concept of marine zoning and identifies key factors influencing support or opposition. Results indicate that a small majority of recreational boaters support the concept of marine zoning, but that there are areas of concern that ought to be addressed as MPA implementation proceeds. Support for zoning was strongly related to perceived benefits, particularly environmental benefits. Furthermore, perceived benefits overall were found to outweigh concerns as determinants of recreational boater support for zoning. Major dimensions of opposition included perceptions of over-regulation, loss of access for boating, and mistrust of the government. A suggestion is that such concerns may be mitigated through focused communication and meaningful involvement of boaters in the zoning process.     

山区公路路基沉陷注浆加固施工技术

阐述山区公路路基沉陷注浆加固的机理,注浆机具的选择,注浆材料的选定以及主要注浆施工工艺及效果检查等施工技术。     

拖带大型无动力船舶通过内河桥梁水域关键技术分析

通过对大型无动力拖带船队的运动特点,内河桥梁水域通航环境的特点以及大型船队操纵的复杂性进行分析,以拖带5.7万t级无动力海船通过南京长江大桥为例,对大型无动力船拖带船队的拖船配置、拖带方式、起拖时机、拖带演习、拖航期间的安全维护、拖带作业的注意事项和应急预案等关键技术进行分析.     

山区水运工程监理存在的问题及对策探讨

进一步规范和发展山区水运工程监理工作,全面推行建设项目监理制,是山区水运工程建设项目管理体系逐步由传统的自筹、自建、自管的小生产模式,向社会化、专业化、现代化管理模式转变的有效途径,本文在论述山区河流水运工程的特点及监理工作实际的基础上,分析了当前山区水运工程监理工作存在的问题,提出了相应的解决办法,指出：规范与发展山区水运工程监理工作应加强资质管理,拓展监理业务,改善监理设备,提高人员素质。     

秦巴山区家庭状况对儿童智力发育的影响

目的　研究秦巴山区家庭状况对儿童智力发育的影响。方法　在已进行弱智儿童流行病学调查的基础上 ,对病因未明轻度弱智、边缘和正常儿童用“秦巴山区儿童情况与家庭状况入户调查表”进行入户调查 ;用C WISC量表做智力测验。结果　导致该地区成为弱智高发区的主要危险家庭状况因素 :①父母亲文盲 ;②与儿童交往少 ;③母孕期、婴幼儿期家庭经济条件差 ;④家庭文化条件差 ;⑤婴儿期居室光线昏暗 ;⑥语言刺激少 ;⑦缺乏家庭教育 ;⑧家庭不良社会心理因素。结论　母亲的智力状况、教育水平、家庭生活环境及经济状况等因素影响着秦巴山区儿童的智力发育 ,教育母亲 ,提高母亲的文化水平和改善经济状况是提高当地儿童智力的主要措施。     

重庆云阳至湖北利川山区二级公路建设中的生态环境影响及保护措施

本文通过在重庆云阳至湖北利川二级公路建设中,对项目业主、设计单位、监理单位、施工单位共同采取的生态环境保护措施的总结,分析了公路修建对山区生态环境的影响,提出充分发挥组织措施和工程措施的作用,保护生态环境,为山区生态公路建设提供了一定的借鉴经验.     

山区高速公路建设地质概述

论述了山区高速公路建设各阶段应重视的地质工作，提出了勘察设计、施工、运营等不同阶段的地质工作重点，分析了目前在山区高速公路建设各阶段地质工作中存在的主要问题。     

山区公路路侧安全性研究及对策

山区公路的路侧事故率较高,这与山区公路中缺乏防护设施的保护有关。为改善山区公路安全性能,降低车辆冲出路外的路侧事故,对公路路侧安全性设计原则进行研究,从而提高路侧安全设计水平。针对山区公路特有的特点,提出在山区公路中应加强路侧护栏的设置,路侧护栏作为公路上基本的交通安全设施,能减轻事故的严重度。