隧道围岩变形影响因素分析

新七道梁隧道地质条件复杂,本文对复杂条件下长大隧道影响围岩变形的施工因素进行分析。采用有限元法模拟施工中围岩的力学特征,表明隧道施工对围岩变形影响显著。同时,在隧道内布设大量收敛值量测断面,并长期监测,对隧道围岩收敛测量数据进行曲线分析。结果显示隧道开挖后围岩的变形具有时间相关性和空间相关性。变形包括三个阶段,即急剧变形阶段、缓慢增长阶段、基本稳定阶段。同时分析开挖方法、支护结构、邻近施工、施工工序等施工因素对围岩变形的影响。结果认为施工中开挖初期对围岩变形影响最大,而设置仰拱可减小隧道围岩变形,因此应选择对围岩扰动小的开挖方法,并及时进行后序施工。将围岩变形施工因素分析动态反馈于施工中,取得满意结果。     

深圳港铜鼓航道工程设计选线回顾与探讨

深圳港铜鼓航道工程是国家“九五”重点交通建设项目和深圳市重大工程,航道选线及设计历经10余年,经过两个历史性的阶段,最终航道完全避开了香港白海豚保护区,也最大程度降低横切伶仃洋浅滩后的泥沙回淤问题,较好地避免了改造海底天然气管线,妥善处理了铜鼓航道与广州港航道和蛇口、赤湾、妈湾航道的衔接与通航安全问题,而且能够满足航道远期进一步拓宽浚深的需要。     

三峡工程上游引航道布置对通航水流条件的影响

三峡工程上游引航道布置在设计过程中进行了多种方案的试验研究 ,通过 1:10 0的物理模型 ,从河势演变、枢纽泄洪、船闸灌水等方面对各方案引航道口门区、连接段和引航道内的通航水流条件进行了分析比较。结果表明 ,全包开山开口方案最佳 ,但综合考虑工程和清淤量等因素 ,目前选择了全包方案。     

进港航道通过能力经验公式的比较分析

航道通过能力是评价进港航道是否满足港口发展需要的重要指标。由于我国现行规范中对航道通过能力未给出具体计算公式，因此，在工程实践中出现了许多种不同的方法和公式。通过搜集国内外计算航道通过能力的经验公式．分析讨论各公式的特点及适用性条件。     

台忻线蒋村过村路段综合排水设计

主要介绍了台忻线蒋村过村路段因地制宜的综合排水系统设计理念。     

Ship appearance optimal design on RCS reduction using response surface method and genetic algorithms

Radar cross section (RCS) reduction technologies are very important in survivability of the militarynaval vessels. Ship appearance shaping as an effective countermeasure of RCS reduction redirects the scatteredenergy from one angular region of interest in space to another region of little interest. To decrease the scatteringelectromagnetic signals from ship scientifically, optimization methods should be introduced in shaping design.Based on the assumption of the characteristic section design method, mathematical formulations for optimalshaping design were established. Because of the computation-intensive analysis and singularity in shapingoptimization, the response surface method (RSM) combined genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed. The poly-nomial response surface method was adopted in model approximation. Then genetic algorithms were employedto solve the surrogate optimization problem. By comparison RCS of the conventional and the optimal design,the superiority and effectiveness of proposed design methodology were verified.Ky words: radar cross section (RCS); characteristic section design method; response surface method; genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed. The polynomial response surface method was adopted in model approximation. Then genetic algorithms were employed to solve the surrogate optimization problem. By comparison RCS of the conventional and the optimal design, the superiority and effectiveness of proposed design methodology were verified.     

膜离子通道阻断剂对神经兴奋性及兴奋性指标的影响

本研究以蟾蜍坐骨神经-腓神经和螯虾腹大神经为材料,观察了膜离子通道阻断剂对神经兴奋性及兴奋性指标的影响。结果显示:标准电量α与膜钠离子通道的开放数量及通道的激活速率有关,是正确反映兴奋性的指标。b 反映了膜钠、钾离子通道活动的动态平衡过程和应激活动过程.Chr 与膜离子通道的活动无直接联系。     

交错直线间F(P,k)线的规律

本文对交错直线间的最长、最短及介于这两者间任一长度 F(P,k)线的方向线,从理论上进行了探讨,得出了普遍规律。并介绍了在科技领域实际应用中解决有关问题的方法,同时对规律以外各种情况作了分析,揭示了 F(P,k)线的存在与分布规律,以供作进一步研究时参考。     

建立上海国际航运中心的研究

在上海建立国际航运中心，是尽快把上海建成国际经济、贸易、金融中心的重要组成部分，两者相辅组成。该文对建立国际航运中心的必要性与可能性，基本功能与特征，存在问题，发展目标与建设步骤，从理论上与实际上进行了分析，在此基础上，提出了符合国际经济发展方向、并且有可操作性的结论与建议。     

Reduction of skin friction by microbubbles and its relation with near-wall bubble concentration in a channel

Determination of the flow structure near the wall is essential for a clear insight into the phenomenon of skin friction reduction by microbubbles in a turbulent boundary layer. An important parameter, is the bubble concentration or void fraction in the wall region in drag-reducing conditions. The purpose of this paper is to show drag-reducing effects due to microbubbles in a water channel and, more importantly, to show the dependence of the drag-reduction values on the near-wall void fraction. A two-dimensional channel with an aspect ratio of 10 was specially built for this purpose with provisions for air injection through porous plates. Skin friction was directly measured by a miniature floating element transducer with a 5-mm circular sensing disk mounted flush on the top wall 67 channel-heights downstream of the injector. The wall friction in the presence of air bubbles was found to be reduced under the same bulk velocity when compared with the value without air. Detailed void fraction profiles across the channel were obtained by a sampling probe and a fiber-optic probe. Better collapse of the drag reduction data, independent of different profile shapes, was found when plotted against the near-wall void fraction than against a cross-sectional mean void fraction. While this dependence reconfirms that the phenomena are essentially inner-region dependent, the lack of influence of the bubble distribution patterns away from the wall implies lack of outer region influence.