Analysis of Work Zone Traffic Behavior for Planning Applications

Abstract

Understanding work zone traffic behavior is important for the planning and operation of work zones. The objective of this paper is to develop a mathematical model of work zone traffic flow elements by analyzing the relationships between speed, flow, and density that can be used to estimate the capacity of work zones. Traffic flow data were collected from 22 work zone sites on South Carolina interstate highways. The scatter plots of the collected data demonstrate that the relationship between speed and density does not follow Greenshields’ linear model. A non-linear hyperbolic model was developed to describe the relationship between speed and density. Using this model the capacity of a work zone was estimated to be 1550 passenger cars per hour for 2-lane to 1-lane closures. Adjustments to this capacity value to consider other types of vehicle as well as the work zone intensity are provided. Highway agencies can use this estimated capacity along with anticipated traffic demand to schedule work zone operations to avoid long periods of over-saturation.

The tapered approach to work zone lane closures used by South Carolina is similar to methods used in work zones throughout the world. The authors believe that the methodology described in this paper for modeling work zone traffic as well as estimating work zone capacity is transferable to other countries. The conversion of actual volumes to passenger car equivalents may have to be modified due to the significant differences in traffic makeup between the United States and other countries.     

南海固定式平台极限承载能力分析

针对南海海域环境荷载下服役的固定式平台,以一固定式导管架平台为例,运用基于ANSYS软件的单元替换法分析计算该平台无缺陷情况下和有腐蚀、海生物附着、构件缺失等损伤情况下的极限承载能力,验证了计算正确性和可行性.     

上港集团扩大后方堆场能力浅析

为推进上海"国际航运中心"建设,上港集团挖掘自身潜力,对堆场进行了改扩建。介绍上海国际航运中心建设的情况。分析上海港的发展情况和港区主要装卸工艺及现有矛盾。着重介绍上港集团一些公司改扩建堆场的做法。该举措有效提高了集团的生产能力。     

煤炭码头年通过能力的一种神经网络分析方法

为提高秦皇岛港煤炭码头通过能力,引入神经网络分析方法。分别介绍原有通过能力分析方法和煤炭码头通过能力神经网络分析法。经分析,寻找出煤炭码头的年通过能力瓶颈,有效地辅助码头运营管理者进行管理和决策。     

Quality indicators and capacity calculation for RoRo terminals

Abstract

Road freight transportation has increased dramatically over recent years along with its impacts such as congestion, noise, and pollution. As a result, European and US governments have started policies to promote alternatives to road transportation, such as logistic chains containing a Short Sea Shipping (SSS) link. Road is, by definition, a more flexible means of transportation than shipping, which is usually cheaper. Therefore, to move traffic to SSS chains, it is necessary to provide fast, frequent, and reliable maritime transportation. In this sense, roll-on/roll-off (RoRo) vessels are the most convenient ships to be used, since they have smaller dwell times in port and, therefore, this is a kind of traffic likely to increase dramatically. The foreseeable increase of this kind of traffic must meet with an increase in the actual capacity by means of either improvement in performance and possible enlargements of existing terminals or the construction of new terminals. In that sense, this paper proposes a simple methodology to calculate the capacity of a RoRo terminal, whether already in operation or during its design process, and relate it to some quality standards by means of quality indicators, which should lead to the definition of Levels of Service similar to those already used in roads and airports. The paper ends by applying the methodology to a real terminal in Barcelona, Spain.     

站城融合模式下既有铁路车站城市功能开发体量预测研究

针对站城融合模式,提出对既有铁路车站及其影响区域的城市功能开发体量预测方法.考虑车站周边道路交通剩余能力和城市规划中对土地容积率的要求,协调枢纽城市功能和交通功能体量的比例关系,建立铁路既有车站城市功能的体量预测模型,并利用商业求解器对模型求解,得到各业态开发总体量的范围.以重庆沙坪坝综合交通枢纽城市功能开发为例,检验求解结果与实际开发体量的契合度及有效性.分析枢纽交通功能占比和容积率的敏感性,验证模型的适用性.计算结果表明,本文方法能有效利用道路承载能力,在适应城市整体发展要求的情况下,实现枢纽和土地的一体化发展,为投资者加强土地集约开发提供新思路.     

基于片区组织的城乡公交运力配置方法研究

基于片区组织的城乡公交运力配置对促进资源优化配置、提高运营效益有重 要意义.本文针对城乡公交单线片区干支线联运及多条支线联运组织、多线片区内相邻城 镇公交干线跨线运行组织,研究运力配置方法.单线片区干支线联运的运力配置以干线运 力为主,采取传统配车法测算干线运力规模;提出多条支线联合运行组织的车辆总规模 测算方法.多线片区组织的运力整合主要体现在相邻干线车辆跨线调配节省的运力,分别 针对利用高峰时间差、方向不均衡进行运力调配过程分析与建模.最后结合算例研究运力 配置方法的应用,比较分析联运前后运力资源的节省. 结果表明,配置方法能较好地应用 于基于片区组织的运力配置研究中.     

近距平行跑道相关进近模式容量分析

目前近距平行跑道隔离运行下的跑道容量已经得到广泛重视,而运行潜力更大的相关进近模式下的跑道容量分析研究较少.本文借鉴国外近距平行跑道相关进近的运行理念,根据近距平行跑道运行的管制规定,通过引入符合近距平行跑道相关进近的时序图,构建相关进近模式下近距平行跑道的两种主要运行模式的容量模型.以上海浦东机场为例对模型进行验证,并对关键参数包括机型比例、相关进近航空器之间的斜距对跑道容量的影响进行分析.结果表明,本文方法准确把握了运行特征,计算结果对空管运行有很大的指导意义.     

编组站运输能力自动计算系统的研究

本文介绍编组站运输能力自动计算系统,该系统采用数据挖掘技术—决策树C4.5算法,从编组站综合自动化(SAM)系统数据库丰富的数据信息中自动筛选、汇总能力计算所需数据,自动建立符合当前编组站实际情况的能力自动计算体系,按照预先设置的能力计算单位时间,自动计算编组站全站能力或单项设备能力.最终通过人机界面以图表方式显示能力计算及查询结果,为编组站技术装备的管理和运营组织方式的调整提供更加丰富、客观的数据依据.     

铁路牵引变电所增容改造施工方案的优化

阐述了石太线牵引变电设备增容改造施工方案优化,以确保铁路运输的“不间断”供电,对既有牵引变电所改造施工组织提出了一些见解。