基于HMM-SVR的船舶动力设备故障模式识别与状态预测研究

船舶动力设备因故障监测信号样本少、变化缓慢且数据特征呈非线性,使得设备故障模式的准确识别和状态预测比较难。鉴于此,文章研究了基于隐马尔科夫模型的故障模式识别方法,利用该模型将微弱变化的信号特征转换为变化较大的对数似然概率对故障模式实现有效识别。在此基础上进一步提出基于HMM-SVR的设备状态预测模型,将遗传算法用于支持向量回归模型参数寻优,并结合隐马尔科夫模型,实现对设备状态的预测。对船用柴油机进行仿真,结果表明上述模型具有较高的识别率,能准确预测船舶动力设备的当前状态。     

On Safety in Dismantling Temporary Strut of Super-large Tunnels with Double-layer Primary Support北大核心CSCD

More and more multiple-track tunnels and super-large section tunnels have been built, and disman- tling of temporary strut is a weak point of the whole structure during force transfer when the secondary lining is con- structed. It is significant to guarantee structure safety during dismantling of temporary strut. Little systematic re- search on safety in dismantling of temporary strut of the super-large section tunnel with double-layer primary support has been conducted, so the internal force and security of the two-layer primary support of the Xinkaotang tunnel were analyzed by a numerical analysis and site measurement, and it proves the effect of two-layer primary support on the safety during strut dismantling. The research results indicate that: (1) with constant support thickness and one-time longitudinal dismantling length, the safety factor of secondary primary support is larger than that of the first primary support, and the safety factor of the first primary support is larger than that of the single-layer primary support. Change range of safety factor for the first primary support is smaller than that of the single-layer primary support, and the safe factor for the single-layer primary support is smaller than that of the secondary primary support; (2) with the same support pattern, the safety factors increase firstly and then decrease with an increase of the onetime dismantling length. The calculated results of various cases show that the reasonable one-time dismantling length for this project is about 9 m. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Analysis on the Characteristics and Development Trends of the Support Technology of High Ground Stress Tunnels in China北大核心CSCD

Combining the present situation and development trend of different tunnel support technologies at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the problems of rockburst in hard rock tunnels and large deformation in soft rock tunnels caused by high ground stress. It is concluded that: 1) regarding the rockburst problem, the current support technology is mainly influenced by the rock burst mechanism which is dominated by static factors, and so the used support components are generally of smaller deformation performance and "passive support" properties; 2) as the rockburst is the result of dynamic-static stress coupling, and only the anchor bolt has the "active support" attribute in the current "shotcrete+anchor bolt+wire net" support system, so the best support system should have the two functions of active support and energy release in terms of the rockburst problem, and the key focus of the research and development is anchorage members; 3) there are three main support types for large deformation in soft rock tunnels, e.g. the heavy support, layered support and yielding support. Among them, the heavy support system in underground cavern with large deformation is easy to induce excessive surrounding rock pressure, and so the applicable conditions are limited. The layered support system is still not the best choice due to its immature theoretical study, difficult determination of the thickness value and the installation time of each support layer and the interference to construction progress. With the characteristics of timely support and yielding while supporting, the yielding support system can give full play to the performance values of surrounding rocks and supporting materials, and make both of them reach the optimal state, so it is the best choice for supporting the soft rock tunnels with large deformations. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Soil Body Deformation Caused by Construction of a Double-Line Shield Tunnel with Multiple Factors北大核心CSCD

Considering the influence of many factors (soil loss, frontal additional thrust, the friction force of the shield shell and the additional grouting force), a method for improving the uniform soil body movement model is pro-posed, and a mechanical calculation model is established to study the calculation method for soil body deformation caused by double-line parallel shield driving. Based on the Mindlin solutions of elastic mechanics, the theoretical solutions for soil body deformations caused by the last three factors are calculated; considering the uniform soil body movement model, the theoretical solutions for soil body deformations caused by soil loss are calculated, then the to-tal theoretical solutions for soil body deformations under multiple factors are obtained by means of superposition. The vertical surface settlement, vertical horizontal displacement, and vertical displacements of the soil body at different depths of Hangzhou Metro Line 1 are calculated to analyze the variation laws. Meanwhile the influential factors for horizontal displacement variation are studied. The research shows that with a change of depth, the settlement of the soil body changes within the scope of 10 to 13 m in the horizontal direction near where the maximum settlement occurs;the direction of the horizontal displacement of the soil body changes with a change of the positional relationship be-tween the calculation points and the tunnel; and with an increase of interval J for the two tunnels, the horizontal dis-placement of the soil body of a deep double-line tunnel decreases while the displacement near the surface changes slightly. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

组合型水泥粉煤灰碎石桩(CFG桩)复合地基在深厚软基处理中的应用

在深厚软土地基(fak≤100 kPa)上建造储罐等建筑物,承载力要求高、不均匀沉降变形要求严,若采用单一CFG桩复合地基加固,可能导致桩距过小或桩长太长,需要采用组合型复合地基,CFG桩+振冲碎石桩复合地基是组合型复合地基的一种。根据CFG桩+碎石桩组合型复合地基的加固机理,分析了其受力特性以及CFG桩和碎石桩的作用,研究表明CFG桩对提高地基承载力和减小沉降起控制作用。基于优化理论,建立了组合复合地基的优化设计方法。通过工程实例讨论了组合复合地基的优化设计方法,结果表明:复合地基的承载力、沉降量和经济效益均满足工程要求。     

基于AIGA-WLSSVM的埋地管道腐蚀速率预测方法

为了降低埋地管道腐蚀影响因素之间的复杂相关性,提高腐蚀预测精度,文中提出一种基于自适应免疫遗传算法-加权最小二乘支持向量机(AIGA-WLSSVM)的埋地管道腐蚀速率预测建模方法,并采用AIGA优化模型参数,进一步提高模型的学习能力和稳定性。最后通过实例分析验证了AIGA-WLSSVM建模方法在埋地管道腐蚀速率预测中的可行性和有效性,为埋地管道的检修与更换提供参考。     

软土地基中格形地下连续墙护岸前沿土体加固参数研究

格形地下连续墙是一种新型直立式护岸结构,整体刚度大,辅之以护岸前沿的软土地基加固,能减少墙体水平位移,确保工程结构和周边环境安全。以某电厂取水口护岸工程为例,介绍格形地下连续墙结构在护岸工程中的应用,利用有限元分析软件Plaxis3D,采用土体硬化模型(HS模型)建立三维模型,给出加固参数设计方法,研究护岸前沿土体加固的面积置换率、加固宽度和加固深度对格形地下连续墙变形的影响。因软土地基上结构受软土强度参数的影响较大,故对软土强度指标和水泥土强度指标进行敏感性分析。     

避免输送黏土管线堵塞的设备和方法

绞吸船开挖输送黏性土时,如果不控制好吹填流速和浓度,就容易发生疏浚土堵管现象。为此,在总结传统防堵塞和疏通管道方法的基础上,采用试验对比等方法,设计一种特型防堵塞排泥钢管以及使用该种设备进行预防堵塞和疏通堵管的作业方法。     

振冲法加固砂土地基工艺选择及施工参数控制

根据砂土的黏粒含量,振冲法可采用不加填料的振冲密实法或有填料的振冲置换法,选择合适的振冲施工工艺和确定合理的工艺参数,与地基加固效果和地基处理的工程投资密切相关。在振冲器的振动荷载作用下,由于饱和砂土的液化产生振密作用,根据孔隙水压力的增长模型,推导了饱和砂土的临界液化时间,并分析留振时间的影响因素。结合两个工程实例,探讨了振冲密实法和振冲置换法两种工艺的适应性及加固效果。根据砂土的类型和黏粒含量,将砂土地基分为3类,不同的砂土地基采用合适的振冲工艺,并得出施工参数的合理区间。     

海洋软土修正剑桥模型在海堤工程的应用

通过对海洋软土进行一系列的室内物理力学试验及静三轴试验,拟合了海洋软土平均应力和广义剪应力值,认为海洋软土的状态线呈双曲线形,并将修正的应力罗德角考虑在模型之中,进一步改进剑桥模型理论,使其更加适应海洋软土的静力学特性。实践证明,海洋软土修正剑桥模型能有效模拟海洋软土的应力应变特性,表现为海洋软土材料的非线性特征以及塑性流动的特征。采用海洋软土修正剑桥模型对以海洋软土为基础的海堤的地基沉降进行数值分析,计算结果验证了海洋软土修正剑桥模型的适用性。