外部热EGR对基于优化动力技术的汽油HCCI燃烧的影响

考察了外部热EGR对基于优化动力技术的汽油HCCI发动机燃烧的影响。试验结果表明:外部热EGR可以推迟HCCI燃烧的着火时刻,减缓放热速率,但对于高辛烷值燃料的HCCI燃烧,它对更高EGR率的兼容能力不强,需要提高进气温度来提高燃烧的稳定性;随着EGR率的增加,燃烧持续期延长,缸内温度和压力峰值均减小,指示热效率也随着减小;NOx排放随着EGR率的增加在经过一个"拐点"后始终维持在一个较低的水平,而CO和HC的排放随着EGR率的增加显著增加,燃烧恶化。     

基于LIVC和双VVT技术的增压直喷汽油机抑制爆震试验研究

在1台涡轮增压缸内直喷汽油机上,利用双可变气门正时(双VVT)技术结合进气门晚关凸轮轴(LIVC凸轮轴)来抑制爆震。在实现爆震抑制策略后,采用更高的几何压缩比来进一步提高热效率,改善发动机的燃油经济性。试验结果表明,在1 300r/min,200N.m这一典型的爆震工况点,通过减小气门重叠角,降低发动机扫气量,可以有效提高燃油经济性。推迟进气门和排气门相位均可以实现对爆震的抑制,结合使用LIVC凸轮,使得发动机抗爆震性能进一步大幅度提升。在原机9.3的压缩比下,点火角得以提前,接近最大扭矩点火角(MBT点)。将几何压缩比由9.3提高到了10.9后,抗爆震性能和原机相当,并明显改善了发动机的热效率,从而进一步改善了燃油经济性。     

FRP筋与混凝土粘结性能试验研究

进行了FRP筋与混凝土粘结性能的拉拔试验,试件的破坏形式为FRP筋滑移拔出及FRP筋断裂。试验结果表明,随着FRP筋表面加肋,锚固长度减少,混凝土强度提高,FRP筋与混凝土的平均粘结强度都有了提高。同时,对带肋FRP筋与光圆FRP筋的粘结滑移本构模型进行了分析。     

RCS土壤固化剂加固土的试验研究

利用RCS土壤固化剂对宁乡两种典型土质进行了固化试验研究,研究结果表明,掺人0．015％的RCS固化剂后,试件最大干密度变大,最佳含水率的变化不明显;CBR值和7d无侧限抗压强度增大;同时,掺加一定量的水泥可以明显提高RCS固化土的水稳定性和抗压强度,可取得良好的效果。试验结果表明这种固化剂具有较强的实用价值和应用前景。     

一种后装压缩式垃圾车倾倒装置

通过对多种后装压缩式垃圾车倾倒装置的研究,结合倾倒装置自身的安装位置和设计目的,总结出一套设计方法。即通过液压油缸驱动四杆机构运动,以合适的挂桶高度和倾倒角度,实现垃圾桶从地面提升,桶中垃圾倒入车内,再使垃圾桶放回地面的全过程。其关键点是确定合适的四杆尺寸和凸轮的形状。     

Enhancing roll stability of heavy vehicle by LQR active anti-roll bar control using electronic servo-valve hydraulic actuators

Rollover of heavy vehicle is an important road safety problem world-wide. Although rollovers are relatively rare events, they are usually deadly accidents when they occur. The roll stability loss is the main cause of rollover accidents in which heavy vehicles are involved. In order to improve the roll stability, most of modern heavy vehicles are equipped with passive anti-roll bars to reduce roll motion during cornering or riding on uneven roads. However these may be not sufficient to overcome critical situations. This paper introduces the active anti-roll bars made of four electronic servo-valve hydraulic actuators, which are modelled and integrated in a yaw-roll model of a single unit heavy vehicle. The control signal is the current entering the electronic servo-valve and the output is the force generated by the hydraulic actuator. The active control design is achieved solving a linear optimal control problem based on the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) approach. A comparison of several LQR controllers is provided to allow for tackling the considered multi-objective problems. Simulation results in frequency and time domains show that the use of two active anti-roll bars (front and rear axles) drastically improves the roll stability of the single unit heavy vehicle compared with the passive anti-roll bar.     

Application of a self-tuning fuzzy PI–PD controller in an active anti-roll bar system for a passenger car

A fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller has not been widely investigated for active anti-roll bar (AARB) application due to its unspecific mathematical analysis and the derivative kick problem. This paper briefly explains how the derivative kick problem arises due to the nature of the PID controller as well as the conventional fuzzy PID controller in association with an AARB. There are two types of controllers proposed in this paper: self-tuning fuzzy proportional-integral–proportional-derivative (STF PI–PD) and PI–PD-type fuzzy controller. Literature reveals that the PI–PD configuration can avoid the derivative kick, unlike the standard PID configuration used in fuzzy PID controllers. STF PI–PD is a new controller proposed and presented in this paper, while the PI–PD-type fuzzy controller was developed by other researchers for robotics and automation applications. Some modifications were made on these controllers in order to make them work with an AARB system. The performances of these controllers were evaluated through a series of handling tests using a full car model simulated in MATLAB Simulink. The simulation results were compared with the performance of a passive anti-roll bar and the conventional fuzzy PID controller in order to show improvements and practicality of the proposed controllers. Roll angle signal was used as input for all the controllers. It is found that the STF PI–PD controller is able to suppress the derivative kick problem but could not reduce the roll motion as much as the conventional fuzzy PID would. However, the PI–PD-type fuzzy controller outperforms the rest by improving ride and handling of a simulated passenger car significantly.     

Achieving anti-roll bar effect through air management in commercial vehicle pneumatic suspensions

ABSTRACT

This paper introduces the concept of managing air in commercial vehicle suspensions for reducing body roll. A conventional pneumatic suspension is re-designed to include higher-flow air hoses and dual levelling valves for improving the dynamic response of the suspension to the body roll, which commonly happens at relatively low frequencies. The improved air management allows air to get from the air tank to the airsprings quicker, and also changes the side-to-side suspension air pressure such that the suspension forces can more readily level the vehicle body, much in the same manner as an anti-roll bar (ARB). The results of a multi-domain simulation study in AMESim and TruckSim indicate that the proposed suspension configuration is capable of providing balanced airflow to the truck’s drive-axle suspensions, resulting in balanced suspension forces in response to single lane change and steady-state cornering steering maneuvers. The simulation results further indicate that a truck equipped with the reconfigured suspension experiences a uniform dynamic load sharing, smoother body motion (less roll angle), and improved handling and stability during steering maneuvers commonly occurring in commercial trucks during their intended use.     

高填土桥坡软土地基设计探讨

本文结合实际工程论述了堆载预压法和真空井点降水堆载联合预压法加固软土地基的设计、施工技术与经验。实践证明 ,在一定的地质条件下 ,即使工期不很充分 ,只要运用得当 ,堆载预压法和真空井点降水堆载联合预压法能够有效地减小工后沉降 ,消除桥头跳车     

隧道近距大节理硬脆性围岩破裂机理

为揭示近距大节理硬脆性隧道围岩的破裂机理,采用含天然节理的流纹岩开展双轴压缩试验,获得围岩应力分布特征及渐进破裂过程。PFC2D离散元颗粒流程序模拟了节理围岩和完整围岩在双轴压缩作用下的变形及破裂特征,并与室内试验结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明：双轴压缩作用下,含天然节理的隧道试样表现出显著的脆性破坏特征,节理面起裂发生滑移错动,拱顶和底板围岩逐渐拉裂,宏观破裂面穿过大节理并向隧道拱脚、边墙和试样边界扩展,造成试样的最终失稳破坏;PFC2D数值模拟结果显示,大节理面附近裂隙集中发育,并迅速扩展形成与节理大角度相交的破裂面,试样峰前破裂过程短暂,峰后裂隙加速扩展而承载力急剧下降,数值模拟与试验结果吻合;近距隧道大节理显著影响硬脆性围岩的破裂模式,大节理的剪切滑移引发试样的宏观破裂,靠近大节理的拱脚十分破碎,而边墙则形成“V”形破碎区。研究成果为节理隧道围岩的支护设计和防灾减灾提供参考。