Assessing the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk using microscopic data and surrogate safety measures

Due to the difficulty of obtaining accurate real-time visibility and vehicle based traffic data at the same time, there are only few research studies that addressed the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk. This research was conducted based on a new visibility detection system by mounting visibility sensor arrays combined with adaptive learning modules to provide more accurate visibility detections. The vehicle-based detector, Wavetronix SmartSensor HD, was installed at the same place to collect traffic data. Reduced visibility due to fog were selected and analyzed by comparing them with clear cases to identify the differences based on several surrogate measures of safety under different visibility classes. Moreover, vehicles were divided into different types and the vehicles in different lanes were compared in order to identify whether the impact of reduced visibility due to fog on traffic crash risk varies depending on vehicle types and lanes. Log-Inverse Gaussian regression modeling was then applied to explore the relationship between time to collision and visibility together with other traffic parameters. Based on the accurate visibility and traffic data collected by the new visibility and traffic detection system, it was concluded that reduced visibility would significantly increase the traffic crash risk especially rear-end crashes and the impact on crash risk was different for different vehicle types and for different lanes. The results would be helpful to understand the change in traffic crash risk and crash contributing factors under fog conditions. We suggest implementing the algorithms in real-time and augmenting it with ITS measures such as VSL and DMS to reduce crash risk.     

Cooperation in transit delivery in West German metropolitan areas

West Germany is densely populated, averaging 245 inhabitants/km², but varying widely between urban agglomerations and rural areas. Transport volume has increased by 40% since 1970, with virtually all growth due to private automobiles. Since 1981 public transit has been suffering from decreasing demand.A 1964 Expert's Report to the German federal government was the stimulus for initiating an effective funding mechanism for new public transit construction. In 1965 Germany's first federated transit authority was founded for the region of Hamburg.Principal among the goals of any cooperative agreement among transit companies are improvements for the passengers and improvement of revenues for the companies. To attain these ends, two distinct forms of transit aggrements have been developed in Germany: transit cooperative (Verkehrsgemeinschaft) and transit federation (Verkehrsverbund). The former is more suitable for smaller to medium-sized towns, while the latter is more suitable for larger cities. The two types are described in this article.German transit federations during the 1970s succeeded in significantly increasing ridership, while during the 1980s patronage has either remained steady or has declined. Yet transit federations showed much better perfomance than did public transit in general. In terms of costs and revenues, no public transit organization in Germany is able to break even; deficits vary between 42% and 55%. The author concludes, however, that hidden subsidies for automobile traffic are far higher, because of environmental damage and the high social cost of traffic accidents.     

微型顶管施工技术在农污治理中的应用

针对农村生活污水治理工程污水管道口径小、乡村道路狭窄、大型施工设备进出不便等特点,结合海盐县农污处理设施工程,介绍了微型顶管二次工法工艺流程及施工过程.总结了微型顶管顶进速度快、工作坑占地面积小、管道铺设精度高、对环境影响小等优点,认为微型顶管在一般砂性、黏性地质条件下具有良好的应用效果,为农污治理项目提供了较好的解决方案.     

问题式教学在《汽车构造》网络授课中的实践应用

文章通过对问题式教学的理论分析,结合疫情期间开展网络授课的教学过程,通过理论分析和实践教学来探索问题式教学在网络教学过程中的开展方式,以此构建基于网络教学生成问题、回答问题、解决问题和检验问题的问题式教学模式,从而提高网络授课的教学效果,培养学生自主学习的能力.     

1+X证书制度下汽车运用与维修技术专业实训资源建设路径探析

文章以汽车运用与维修技术专业为例,分析该专业的实训资源在1+X证书制度实施过程中存在的问题,提出实训资源优化整合建设的必要性.依据《汽车运用与维修(含智能新能源汽车)职业技能领域职业技能等级标准》设计出汽车运用与维修技术专业实训资源优化整合建设架构图,并对实训资源优化整合建设给出了详细的方案.     

道路交通事故痕迹鉴定确定肇事车辆

道路交通事故检验鉴定为公安机关交通管理部门的事故处理提供科学、专业的技术支持。检查和核实道路交通事故的影响是对道路交通事故技术评估的基本方法。已成为解决许多事故问题的重要依据。本文根据道路交通事故痕迹鉴定的实际情况,针对公安机关交通管理部门涉及复杂、疑难、特殊技术问题的痕迹鉴定情况,提出了针对性的解决方案。     

基于性能演变的水性环氧沥青开普封层施工方法优化

为进一步提升水性环氧沥青开普封层使用品质,针对水性环氧沥青开普封层施工现存问题,借助有机玻璃界面状态图像观测与层间剪切试验,研究了不同固化状态下碎石封层黏结性能,提出了水性环氧沥青碎石封层两阶段分步式压实方法;系统分析了微表处摊铺时机对碎石封层沥青-碎石黏附与层间黏结性能的影响程度,探究了微表处开放交通时间与交通荷载对...     

应用型本科课程教学与相关证书认证培训的探索——以盐城工学院车辆工程专业为例

传统的教学模式重理论轻实践,课堂上主要以填鸭式授课模式讲授,很多专业课缺乏连续的创新性实践教学,以至于学生无法将所学知识得到运用.本论文将研究如何把理论学习案例分析认证培训带薪预就业实习的有机结合,运用在车辆工程专业创新人才培养中,为应用型高校理工科专业教学改革提供新思路.     

“教学做合一”教学模式在汽车维修专业课教学中的实践

随着我国中等职业教育的发展与普及,学校对于学生的成绩要求降低,这也就在一定程度上导致所招收的学生综合素质能力水平不足。而在学习过程中,由于学生的学习基础较差、学习兴趣不足,影响专业技术的教学,不利于中职院校课堂教学的发展与进步。要想当前对教育教学形式,满足老师老师的教学需求,就要对中职院校的教学模式进行改变与创新。而"教学做合一"的教学模式能够通过实践活动、以学生为教学中心,引导学生主动参与到课堂教学当中,有效的提高课堂教学质量与效率。本文通过对"教学做合一"的教学模式的内涵和特征进行分析,进一步进行"教学做合一"教学模式在汽车维修专业课教学中的探索与实践。     

面向“工程认证”的《汽车构造》教学设计

工程教育专业认证(简称"工程认证")是我国"五位一体"高教评估体系的重要组成部分,是新形势下促进我国高等工科教育发展、提升高等院校工科人才培养质量的重要方法和途径。本文立足重庆理工大学车辆工程专业工程认证建设实际,以专业核心必修课程《汽车构造》为对象,结合工程认证标准与成果导向(Outcome-based Education,简称OBE)理念,对其进行面向"工程认证"的教学设计,包括教学目标设计、教学内容及方式设计、教学评价设计及课程学习建议,为我校乃至其他高校车辆工程专业工程认证建设提供有益借鉴。