Multibody dynamics modelling of the freight train bogie system

Previous work in the railway technology laboratory at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) focused on better capturing the dynamics of the friction wedge, modelled using three-dimensional rigid body dynamics with unilateral contact conditions. The current study extends the previous work to a half-bogie model treated as an application of multibody dynamics with unilateral contact to model the friction wedge interactions with the bolster and the sideframe. The half-bogie model was derived using MATLAB and functions as a three dimensional, dynamic, and multibody dynamics model comprised of four rigid bodies: a bolster, two friction wedges, and a sideframe assembly. This expanded model allows each wedge four degrees of freedom: vertical displacement, longitudinal displacement (between the bolster and sideframe), pitch (rotation around the lateral axis), and yaw (rotation around the vertical axis). The bolster and the sideframe are constrained to have only the vertical degree of freedom. The geometry of these bodies can be adjusted for various simulation scenarios. The bolster can be initialised with a pre-defined yaw (rotation around the vertical axis) and the sideframe may be initialised with a pre-defined pitch/toe (rotation around the lateral axis). The results of the multibody dynamics in half-bogie model simulation are shown in comparison with results from NUCARS^®, an industry standard in train-modelling software, for similar inputs.     

Simulation of dynamic interaction between train and railway turnout

Dynamic train–track interaction is more complex in railway turnouts (switches and crossings) than that in ordinary tangent or curved tracks. Multiple contacts between wheel and rail are common, and severe impact loads with broad frequency contents are induced, when nominal wheel–rail contact conditions are disturbed because of the continuous variation in rail profiles and the discontinuities in the crossing panel. The absence of transition curves at the entry and exit of the turnout, and the cant deficiency, leads to large wheel–rail contact forces and passenger discomfort when the train is switching into the turnout track. Two alternative multibody system (MBS) models of dynamic interaction between train and a standard turnout design are developed. The first model is derived using a commercial MBS software. The second model is based on a multibody dynamics formulation, which may account for the structural flexibility of train and track components (based on finite element models and coordinate reduction methods). The variation in rail profile is accounted for by sampling the cross-section of each rail at several positions along the turnout. Contact between the back of the wheel flange and the check rail, when the wheelset is steered through the crossing, is considered. Good agreement in results from the two models is observed when the track model is taken as rigid.     

银西铁路驿马黄土滑坡工程特性与变形研究

银西铁路途经黄土梁峁沟壑区,不良地质非常发育。通过现场地质调查、钻探、原位测试及室内土工试验等综合勘察手段,查明驿马滑坡的工程地质条件。驿马滑坡为一大型中深层-深层黄土质古滑坡,滑坡前缘临空,后缘发育陡坎,后缘后部黄土塬面发育陷穴,侧缘分布冲沟,且受灌溉、排水等人为扰动影响。采用地层宏观评判,土体物理参数细部数据分析,有限元数值模拟的方法,研究滑坡工程特性及变形规律,评价滑坡潜在危害,为铁路选线提供参考。     

Mathematical modelling of train–turnout interaction

The paper proposes a mathematical model of train–turnout interaction in the mid-frequency range (0–500 Hz). The model accounts for the effects of rail profile variation along the track and of local variation of track flexibility. The proposed approach is able to represent the condition of one wheel being simultaneously in contact with more than one rail, allowing the accurate prediction of the effect of wheels being transferred from one rail to another when passing over the switch toe and the crossing nose. Comprehensive results of train–turnout interaction during the negotiation of the main and the branch lines are presented, including the effect of wear of wheel/rail profiles and presence of track misalignment. In the final part of the paper, comparisons are performed between the results of numerical simulations and line measurements performed on two different turnouts for urban railway lines, showing a good agreement between experimental and numerical results.     

EVS耦合地层-岩性三维地质建模方法在南宁地铁工程中的应用

为解决地质建模软件Earth Volumetric Studio（EVS）存在的地层建模方法无法对钻孔揭露地层比较复杂的情形进行层序划分，岩性建模方法无法生成连续光滑的层间界面等问题，以南宁市轨道交通3号线青秀山站至博艺路站区间段为研究对象，提出一种同时具有表达复杂透镜体和清晰的地质层面能力的EVS地层-岩性建模方法。通过工程实例将该方法分别与地层建模和岩性建模方法进行对比分析和交叉验证计算，结果表明采用地层-岩性建模方法建立的模型比单独使用地层模型和岩性模型更能反映实际的地质情况，且模型具有更高的精度，模型的相对误差和均方根误差较地层建模方法明显降低。     

大瑞铁路老红坡隧道穿越接触带单侧涌泥处理技术

大瑞铁路老红坡隧道穿越可溶岩与非可溶岩接触带施工单侧发生涌泥大变形地质灾害。通过分析变形开裂及地质成因，正洞内采用迂回导坑方案探明涌泥体范围，采用洞内扩挖工作洞室，在隧道单侧轮廓外施作超前水平注浆+高压水平旋喷桩加固及超前水平长大管棚的方案进行处理，并对该段支护及衬砌结构调整加强。依据现场工况，采用三台阶法分部、分段拆换作业，在钢架拱脚增设临时仰拱或临时横撑控制收敛变形，及时施作格栅钢架模筑衬砌，变形稳定后再施作永久二次衬砌。该技术在大瑞铁路老红坡隧道单侧突泥涌水地质灾害处治施工实践中得到了成功应用，取得了良好效果。     

商用车试制PT至SOP快速验证方法研究

目前商用车的开发主要分为骡子车试制、工程试制和试生产几个阶段,与乘用车不同,商用车存在车型配置繁多,而且不同的配置之间可能会对整车在底盘的布置产生影响,进而影响整车在量产线的通过性,因此有必要在PT(工程试制)和SOP(试生产)阶段间加一个验证阶段,文章首先介绍了PT转SOP试制线的布局及工艺编排,然后对PT转SOP快速试制验证流程进行了介绍,最后对PT转SOP量产通过性的判断指标进行了说明,对PT车型如何更好的过渡到量产,减少量产线的停线及线下返工具有一定的参考意义。     

基于造船总装生产线的船厂生产计划与控制分析

根据集成制造的原理，论述了基于造船总装生产线的船厂生产计划、作业控制方式；提出了PERT、MRPⅡ、JIT三者集成的思路和方式；首次阐明了“集成中间产品”、“中间产品组”、“中间产品包”的含义和它们之间的关系，及其在造船总装生产线生产组织中的作用。     

宁波轨道交通轨道振动预测研究及优化

在轨道交通初步设计阶段地下线轨道减振设计中,对距外轨中心线两侧10~60 m范围内的环境敏感点,往往采用踏勘、工程类比等经验方法进行设计,具有一定的误差。在采用《环境影响评价技术导则城市轨道交通》(HJ453—2008)振动预测模型的基础上,参考北京、上海等城市的经验,研究适用于宁波轨道交通地下线轨道振动预测模型,并采用计算机语言实现预测模型程序化以提高设计效率。在初步设计阶段,振动预测的标准化、自动化,对稳定区间轨道高度,细化概算投资,减少设计反复具有重要意义。     

爱迪尔散热风扇继电器失效探析及改进

爱迪尔汽车在零部件国产化初期,售后市场出现批量散热风扇继电器失效故障。本文剖析故障原因,并对故障部件进行改进优化。