全国铁路地理信息系统应用服务共享平台的研究

应用服务共享平台为一个三层服务体系结构,主要提供五种服务：数据提供、数据分析、数据表现、元数据以及应用集成服务。平台功能的设计主要依据表示逻辑与处理逻辑相分离、通用功能与专用功能相分离两个基本原则。平台的核心是一个包括基础服务层和应用构件层的二层体系结构。平台的关键技术是多层服务体系结构、分布式海量空间数据存取、智能空间分析与数据挖掘技术以及基于XML的元数据技术。     

存轨基地地基加固及安全分析

京沪高速铁路某铺轨基地,地基承载力不足,且部分地方存在软弱土夹层,而钢轨的平顺性要求又较高。为了满足刚度和强度要求,采用CFG桩对该地基进行了地基处理。给出了CFG桩的地基处理方案,计算了复合地基承载力和各台座处的沉降值,对强度和刚度进行了验算,各方面均满足要求。可为同类工程提供参考。     

回填土区深层搅拌桩和高压旋喷桩复合地基的静承载性能

结合实际工程现场静载试验,采用有限元计算方法研究了桩长和桩土模量比对深层搅拌桩和高压旋喷桩复合地基在回填土中的桩体承载特性、荷载传递及复合地基变形特性的影响。结果表明,在回填土区,深层搅拌桩以桩体上部破坏为主,增加桩长不能有效地提高复合地基承载力,增加桩体强度尤其是上部桩体的强度则能够较大地提高复合地基承载力,高压旋喷桩可有效增强回填土地基的承载力。提出的桩体弹性模量取值范围可供设计参考。     

压弯荷载作用下圆截面混凝土桩的损伤分析

运用Lem aitre损伤规律对土木工程中使用的混凝土圆截面桩受压弯荷载下进行损伤分析,推导了无量纲轴向力和无量纲弯矩的表达式,计算了不同失效应变对应的弯矩规律,以及不同失效应变和中性轴的无量纲位移之间的关系。分析结果可作为估算实际工程中混凝土圆截面桩抗弯承载力的参考依据。     

既有重载铁路路基压实指标与承载力的关联度分析研究

将K_(30)、E_(VD)、E_(V2)、E_(V2)/E_(V1)4个基本参数作为判断既有重载铁路路基压实度的基本评价指标,通过现场测试获得既有重载铁路路基的4项压实度评价参数,通过轻型动力触探试验间接获得既有重载铁路路基承载力,分析既有重载铁路路基承载力与压实度指标之间的关联度,通过分析可知:4个基本参数与既有路基承载力之间的关联度较好,同时,K_(30)、E_(VD)、E_(V2)、E_(V2)/E_(V1)与路基承载力fk呈现比较明显的多项式关系,现场试验结果表明:该拟合关系对路基承载力在98~142 k Pa的c组粉质黏土填料压实度指标的估算具有一定的实用价值。     

桥梁维修加固计算机系统框架研究

基于开发的桥梁维修加固计算机系统应用规范和荷载试验评定标准,通过采集的数据建立评价数据模型和决策数据模型,可对桥梁的损伤状况和承载能力作出评价,并通过专家咨询法给出损伤原因和决策措施,对类似工程具有一定的参考价值。     

The Downs–Thomson Paradox with responsive transit service

Downs (1962) and Thomson (1977) suggested that highway capacity expansion may produce counterproductive effects on the two-mode (auto and transit) transport system (Downs–Thomson Paradox). This paper investigates the occurrence of this paradox when transit authority can have different economic objectives (profit-maximizing or breakeven) and operating schemes (frequency, fare, or both frequency and fare). For various combinations of economic objectives and operating schemes, the interaction between highway expansion and transit service is explored, as well as its impact on travelers’ mode choices and travel utilities. Further, for each combination, the conditions for occurrence of the Downs–Thomson Paradox are established. We show that the paradox never occurs when transit authority is profit-maximizing, but it is inevitable when the transit authority is running to maximize travelers’ utility while maintaining breakeven. This is because the former transit authority tends to enhance transit service (e.g., raise frequency or reduce fare) when facing an expanded highway; and on the contrary, the latter tends to compromise transit service (e.g., reduce frequency or raise fare). Both analytical and numerical examples are provided to verify the theoretical results.     

Measuring community reaction to urban transportation impacts using Von Neumann‐Morgenstern utility theory

This paper attempts to measure the impacts of urban transportation system improvements or changes on the community. The community's perceptions of the impacts are represented by its utilities (or disutilities) over various ranges of values of the multiple attributes representing these impacts. The utility technique used in the evaluation is based upon von Neumann‐Morgenstern (vN‐M, 1947) Utility Theory, and is applied using Raiffa's (1970) Fractile Method.

The paper specifically applies the technique to model the perceptions of five subgroups within a community to the impact of a new light rail transit system that is being incorporated in the transportation system of the City of Calgary.

Results of the modeling indicate explicitly how the community changes its perception over ranges of values of the attributes evaluated. Biases of various subgroups within the community over these attributes are also shown. Statistical tests indicate that aggregated utility perceptions can represent the utility perceptions of the individual subgroups quite reasonably.     

洛阳铁路枢纽调整规划研究

通过研究洛阳铁路枢纽存在的问题、能力利用现状以及枢纽的运输需求,得出洛阳枢纽能力紧张、不能满足日益增长的客货运量运输需求的结论。结合枢纽自身特点,提出成环发展的规划方案,通过对运输能力计算表明,所提出的规划方案能缓解当前运输能力紧张的局面。     

地基承载力的常用提法及其工程应用

地基承载力有多种提法,如容许承载力、极限承载力、承载力特征值、根据地基的荷载条件与土性指标计算的承载力、勘察单位在工程设计前提供的承载力等;明确各种地基承载力的工程意义,对应用是重要的.文章分析了获得各种常用承载力计算方法的前提条件,提出工程应用中应当注意的问题.对地基在垂直、水平荷载共同作用下的情况,给出了地基承载力的计算公式.为正确的应用各种提法的地基承载力提出了建议.