Probabilistic multi-aircraft conflict detection approach for trajectory-based operation

Conflict detection (CD) is one of the key functions used to ensure air transport safety and efficiency. In trajectory-based operation (TBO), aircraft are provided with more flexibility in en route trajectory planning and more responsibility for self-separation. The high flexibility in trajectory planning enables random changes in pilot intent, thus increasing the uncertainty in trajectory prediction and CD. This study proposes a novel probabilistic CD approach for TBO in which the uncertainty of pilot intent is taken into account by quantifying the aircraft reachable domain constrained by the flight plan. First, a probabilistic model for aircraft trajectory prediction is developed using the truncated Brownian bridge method. Based on this model, a novel conflict probability estimation method is developed. Finally, the performance of the proposed probabilistic CD approach is demonstrated through an illustrative air traffic scenario.     

Assessing the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk using microscopic data and surrogate safety measures

Due to the difficulty of obtaining accurate real-time visibility and vehicle based traffic data at the same time, there are only few research studies that addressed the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk. This research was conducted based on a new visibility detection system by mounting visibility sensor arrays combined with adaptive learning modules to provide more accurate visibility detections. The vehicle-based detector, Wavetronix SmartSensor HD, was installed at the same place to collect traffic data. Reduced visibility due to fog were selected and analyzed by comparing them with clear cases to identify the differences based on several surrogate measures of safety under different visibility classes. Moreover, vehicles were divided into different types and the vehicles in different lanes were compared in order to identify whether the impact of reduced visibility due to fog on traffic crash risk varies depending on vehicle types and lanes. Log-Inverse Gaussian regression modeling was then applied to explore the relationship between time to collision and visibility together with other traffic parameters. Based on the accurate visibility and traffic data collected by the new visibility and traffic detection system, it was concluded that reduced visibility would significantly increase the traffic crash risk especially rear-end crashes and the impact on crash risk was different for different vehicle types and for different lanes. The results would be helpful to understand the change in traffic crash risk and crash contributing factors under fog conditions. We suggest implementing the algorithms in real-time and augmenting it with ITS measures such as VSL and DMS to reduce crash risk.     

地质雷达在上三高速公路护面墙检测中的应用

上三高速公路K224+720 ～ K225+020左山体自2008年以来,每逢大雨,该山体第二级坡面的长约20m范围内有局部泥沙从泄水孔带出,在对护面墙及碎落台的跟踪检查中,由于局限于目前管理单位的检测设备,未发现空洞、变形.为确保高速公路的安全畅通,此次采用地质雷达对该山体的护面墙进行检测,可快速了解护面墙的厚度、密实度等质量情况.     

强噪声背景下舰船信号混沌检测方法研究

给出了舰船信号混沌检测原理,在分析Duffing方程混沌行为的基础上,给出了强噪声背景下舰船信号混沌检测模型,并分析了噪声对该混沌检测方法的影响。最后运用该混沌检测方法对舰船信号进行了数值实验,结果显示了此种方法的有效性和优越性。     

海战场环境中基于射线的碰撞检测算法研究

在海战场环境中,运动的物体之间可能会发生碰撞,文章针对海战场环境中各种运动物体的特点,提出不同类型包围盒的选择原则;针对物体的运动状态,采用基于射线的相交测试方法,提高碰撞检测的效率。     

基于时频分布的海杂波环境下目标检测

对海杂波存在目标和没有目标两种情况进行时频分析,其时频分布图表现出明显的特征差异,在没有目标时,时频分布图比较发散,存在目标时,时频分布图中有较集中且与目标多普勒频移对应的最优曲线。利用这种差异,文章提出了基于时频分布的目标检测方法。时频分布检测方法通过查找算法得到该最优曲线,并取该最优曲线所有点的和值作为判断目标存在与否的依据。通过实测数据仿真表明该方法能够提高海杂波环境下目标检测性能。     

基于奇异值分解和特征融合的镜头检测算法

镜头检测是基于内容的视频检索和浏览首先要解决的关键技术。对视频结构和镜头变换进行概述,对典型的镜头检测算法进行研究分析,并提出了一种基于奇异值分解和特征融合的镜头检测算法。通过子空间投影得到帧的重构矩阵,计算帧与其重构矩阵的奇异值差,结合直方图特征进行镜头检测。实验结果表明了所提算法在镜头检测方面的有效性。     

基于柔度曲率矩阵的加筋板结构损伤识别方法

为了对船舶工程中典型结构即加筋板结构的损伤部位进行准确的损伤识别分析,文章提出了一种基于柔度曲率矩阵的损伤识别方法并进行了仿真分析。首先对加筋板结构进行单元划分,以结构响应通过矩阵的列最大值来建立节点柔度矩阵,并通过二阶微分对柔度值的变化进行放大进而得到柔度曲率矩阵,最后通过柔度曲率矩阵图或者柔度曲率矩阵的行(列)曲率图来判断损伤位置。算例分析表明,该方法损伤定位准确并且具有较高的灵敏度,避免了使用原未损结构的模态参数,只需损伤结构的一阶或者前几阶模态信息就可以有效地进行损伤识别分析。通过大量模拟,给出了加筋板结构损伤的判别图。     

基于机器视觉的钢轨对接焊高精度检测方法

为提高闪光对接焊设备焊接过程的焊接精度,提出一种基于机器视觉和图像处理技术结合的钢轨对接焊高精度定位检测方法。该方法采用黑白面阵CMOS工业相机、线激光器作为主要检测硬件,其中线激光器发射的激光分别垂直投射在与轨道轴线平行的轨顶面和轨侧面上,通过对工业相机所采集的图像进行特征提取,针对多种不同特征进行模式识别,从而获得钢轨顶部和侧面高度差。通过重复性与可靠性试验,表明该方法满足工程实际检测要求。与传统的手工检测方法相比,本方法具有更高的精度,且受外部环境的影响较小,满足工况环境条件下的焊接精度要求,在复杂环境下同样可获得较好的检测效果。     

基于改进Mask R-CNN的轨道扣件状态检测方法

为提高轨道扣件状态检测的准确率,基于K均值聚类算法改进掩膜区域卷积神经网络(Mask R-CNN)实例分割算法中的区域建议网络。进行基于改进Mask R-CNN的轨道扣件状态检测方法研究,并将该方法分别应用于普速铁路有砟轨道2个扣件数据集和高速铁路无砟轨道1个扣件数据集上进行轨道扣件状态检测。结果表明:该方法能对普速铁路有砟轨道和高速铁路无砟轨道图像中的扣件状态进行准确检测,扣件的定位准确率和分类准确率平均分别达到97.05%和98.36%,均优于YOLO V3,Faster R-CNN和Mask R-CNN算法;相较于前2种算法,本方法对普速铁路有砟轨道扣件状态检测的优势更为明显。