公路工程造价管理的现状分析与对策研究

针对目前公路工程建设规模大、单位工程造价高的实际情况,强化造价管理工作,合理确定和有效控制工程造价,实现工程造价经济合理,构建节约型交通,成为公路建设的当务之急。     

造价编制现场调查与资料搜集

阐速了造价编制时进行现场资料调查和搜集的重要性．并就每一种调查内容提出了具体的调查方法和注意事项。     

加快工程造价结算工作的几点技巧

由于种种原因,工程造价结算阶段建设单位与施工单位难免会出现分岐。给工程结算增加难度。就结算工作中常发生的分岐产生的原因进行分析,并提出相应的预防措施。     

工程项目成本管理与控制

结合工程实例介绍了工程项目管理的具体内容和成本控制的具体措施。     

施工总承包模式的全过程投资控制浅见

通过对做好造价控制的若干环节来论述施工总承包模式的全过程项目投资控制。     

采油厂井下作业成本单井核算模式研究

采油厂实行井下作业成本单井核算,从细化成本管理角度出发,划小了成本核算单元,能够从多角度、深层次开展投入产出分析,为加强井下作业成本控制创造了条件。实施井下作业成本核算不仅需要建立和完善内部管理制度,还要有必要的信息系统予以支撑。为使井下作业成本单井核算模式发挥作用,企业应该科学地规划业务流程和信息系统。     

高速公路养护成本预测模型

为了降低高速公路养护成本,运用边际成本管理原理,建立高速公路交通流量、道路长度与养护成本之间的多元回归分析数学模型,针对预防养护和专项工程养护方式,运用统计方法,推导了各项因素的边际成本表达式,提出高速公路养护作业成本的预测模型及成本管理的边际成本和弹性指数的概念,计算了交通流量、道路长度与养护成本相关的弹性指数,分析了与交通流量相关的高速公路养护费用经济指标。计算结果表明:交通流量和高速公路长度对养护维修成本起决定作用,维修费用随交通流量和道路长度成对数关系变化,而高速公路养护维修平均费用随着交通流量增加而降低。     

航空公司机队集中调度的成本分析

机队集中调度能够提高机队调度的质量和效率,但目前缺乏评估机队调度质量的技术经济指标.本文提出飞机-航班节分配成本的概念作为其评估指标,分析该成本的三个组成:航班直接运行成本、航班溢出成本和罚成本,并根据航空运输协会工作组提出的成本理论得出航班直接运行成本,构造旅客溢出的概率模型,引入罚成本的相关系数.     

A stochastic optimization approach for the selection of reflective cracking mitigation techniques

PurposeIn Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) overlays, the existing cracks in the underlying pavements can propagate upward to the new added overlay and may cause Reflective Cracks (RC). These cracks allow water infiltration to the underlying layers and causes further moisture damage as well as weakening the unbound layers. Over the years, several methods have been developed for mitigating the RCs. This study aims to investigate the current reflective cracking mitigation methods and develop a methodology for the selection of appropriate mitigation technique. The developed model is then applied to a case study in the state of Florida.MethodTo accomplish this goal, a nationwide literature review was conducted to better understand the current in practice methods in the United States. Moreover, a life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) in five different road types was performed to find the annuity of roadway rehabilitation for each of the mitigation methods. The uncertainty in the LCCA results is represented using Exploratory Modeling and Analysis (EMA) method. Then through a Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) model, a stochastic optimization model was developed to find the appropriate reflective cracking mitigation solution under Florida’s climate and road conditions, based on different cost and performance weights.ResultsBased on the available data for the state of Florida, the LCCA results indicate that the annuity of maintaining the roadway with Fabrics and ISAC are lower compared to other methods. However, the results of stochastic optimization model reveal that while looking at the performance and cost at the same time, different methods would be more feasible. For instance, while the cost of the used method does not matter at all and only performance matters, STRATA® is more probable to be the appropriate mitigation technique. The findings of this research are critical for decision makers to better understand the most cost-effective mitigation technique in different conditions.     

A dynamic model for marginal cost pricing of port infrastructures

ABSTRACT

A dynamic model for marginal cost pricing of port infrastructures links costs to system performance by combining a power-law function with time-dependent queueing analysis. Additionally, the model incorporates the marginal cost of capacity, including the effects of economies of scale. This allows the calculation of the marginal cost price under a dynamic framework. The model accounts for nonlinear behaviour of port demand, which is sensitive to price and service levels. The effects over time of cost and service levels on the port’s operational performance are quantified. The proposed model allows determining the optimal timing for capacity investment. The model is a starting point for the application of marginal cost pricing to ports. However, for practical application of such pricing method it is necessary to apply a system’s approach, as productivity and costs must be assessed at the terminal’s component level. This should allow the derivation of a marginal cost function at the terminal’s component level.