我国铁路运输发展区域划分研究

不同区域由于经济特性各异,其铁路运输需求在规模、结构、层次上将产生差异,因此,铁路运输在不同区域中功能定位和发展规划目标不同.依据区域经济发展水平、铁路运输业发展水平以及铁路发展与区域经济发展耦合度,将我国31个省市(除港、澳、台)划分为提升区域、重点区域和发展区域3种类型,同时对各类区域铁路运输发展的总体特征和分异规律进行探讨,为合理进行区域铁路网规划提供了参考依据.     

无砟轨道温度梯度荷载对列车-路基上板式无砟轨道系统动力特性的影响

在吸收国内外研究成果的基础上,建立能够考虑无砟轨道—路基系统各部件间接触状态非线性的列车-路基上板式无砟轨道三维有限元耦合动力学模型,并对建立的三维有限元耦合动力学模型进行相应验证。运用建立的耦合动力学模型,对列车在路基上板式无砟轨道线路上高速行驶时,在列车荷载和无砟轨道温度梯度荷载共同作用下,列车-路基上板式无砟轨道耦合系统动力特性进行研究。研究结果表明:无砟轨道温度梯度荷载对列车-路基上板式无砟轨道耦合动力学系统轮轨力特性影响很小,但对无砟轨道各部件动力特性有显著影响,在进行无砟轨道各部件动力特性研究时,有必要考虑无砟轨道温度梯度荷载的不利影响;对于Ⅱ型板式无砟轨道,无砟轨道温度梯度荷载对列车-路基上板式无砟轨道耦合动力学系统动力特性影响与裂缝间距有很大关系,裂缝间距越小,其影响越小。     

一种弯桥梯形压重的技术创新

小半径弯桥由于弯扭耦合作用,造成桥梁曲线内外侧支座受力不等,圆弧内侧支座甚至会出现负反力,进而造成桥梁有倾覆可能,因此改善结构的支座受力情况,提高桥梁的抗倾覆能力,是桥梁设计者必须关注的问题.以一个弯板桥为算例,分析各种压重方法的压重效率,进而推导出最优压重方法:梯形压重.并针对此梯形压重进行了技术总结,并用于具体工程设计,取得了良好的效果.今后,梯形压重的技术创新值得推广.     

精细微观车流-桥梁耦合系统构建及伸缩缝纵向变形分析

大跨桥梁上的车流重力动态分布和作用在变形主梁上的时变纵向力,决定梁端伸缩缝纵向变形,实现伸缩缝纵向变形分析,车-桥耦合系统是核心,实现车流重力分布和纵向力计算加载的车流微观行驶行为仿真及力学化的理论方法是关键。首先,从元胞尺寸和行驶规则2个角度对仿真方法进行精细：把实测车型典型轴距对标当前市场车型,确定各车型车辆前、后悬长并纳入车长考虑,基于多车型的车长公约数综合确定元胞尺寸,使得各车型的车长在仿真交通流中得到差异且全面的元胞表达,奠定精细仿真元胞基础;在车间距基础上,把车速差纳入考虑,丰富车辆微观行驶决策因素,并设定多级变速和变道优先权,从宏观规则和处置细节上对车流行驶微观行为进行精细化。其次考虑到车速是车辆行驶行为的直观表现,采用动量定理实现车辆变速行为到纵向力（力矩）的转换;把纵向力（力矩）均分加载在车辆占据的各元胞中心,实现车辆出、入桥力学过程的适度精细模拟;匹配车辆行驶行为,调整车流判断流程和加载识别部分,完善微观车流-桥梁分析系统。最后,以一座斜拉桥为工程背景,对不同密度组成的车流作用下伸缩缝的纵向变形进行分析。结果表明：①与单向车流相比,计算密度下双向车流的总体纵向力在均值和极值上的加强度的极值分别为1.6和1.5,即双向车流有相互作用,总体表现为抵消;②车流重力因素产生的主梁纵向变形较为稳定,伸缩缝纵向响应时程曲线围绕重力产生的伸缩缝纵向变形均值上下波动,波动幅度总体趋势受密度控制,在正、负（方向）上的极值和均值随车流密度增大大体均呈增大趋势,波动局部受上下行密度差控制,当双向车流密度之和一定时,双向车流的密度差越大,极值和均值就越大;③伸缩缝纵向位移服从正态分布,伸缩缝累积行程随车流总密度、上下行密度差增大呈增大趋势,车流密度、密度差越大,伸缩缝磨损范围越大,磨损程度越严重。     

耦合条件下单层微穿孔板吸声体的消声性能研究

本文提出了一个板-腔耦合的模型,用于计算微穿孔板对腔体的消声性能.微穿孔板一般为较薄的平板,在板的面积较大时,板自身的振动也可能会对腔体的声场造成影响.该模型考虑了微穿孔板的影响,能够更精确地计算微穿孔板吸声体的消声性能.使用噪声消减量来评价微穿孔板的消声性能,通过实验验证,该耦合模型的求解结果精确可靠.基于所提出的计算模型,对微穿孔板的穿孔率、背腔厚度、孔径以及板厚进行了优化.     

移动式沥青砂浆车液压调平系统试验研究

为了实现沥青砂浆搅拌车在频繁移动中的快速调平，建立了沥青砂浆车调平系统模型，分析和研究了不同的调平控制算法．最后通过试验对不同的调平控制算法进行了对比研究，结果表明：基于去耦合最低点调平算法能满足移动式沥青砂浆车的调平精度和调平效率要求。     

公路桥梁与车辆耦合振动现象模型与数值分析

随着桥梁建造技术的不断突破,大跨度和轻型已成为桥梁结构的主要发展方向,对公路桥梁在移动汽车载荷作用下的动力响应的研究越来越受到人们的关注.文章根据大量的研究资料,归纳叙述了公路桥梁与车辆耦合振动现象的重要性,并将该现象的模型系统划分为车辆和桥梁两个部分进行分析.     

An investigation on wheel/rail impact dynamics with a three-dimensional flat model

Wheel flat is one kind of railway train wheelset defects. It has great influence on wheel/rail dynamics and damages. In most of the presented studies, wheel/rail impact velocity or rolling radius variation of the wheel because of flat spot was taken into account to study the wheel/rail impact dynamics. In this paper, a three-dimensional wheel flat model considering the length, width and depth of the flat spot is established. Including the wheel rotation and wheel/rail contact geometry, a high-speed vehicle–rail coupling system dynamics model is developed to investigate the effect of the wheel flat on the wheel/rail dynamics. With time integration method of the models, the impact dynamics of the wheel/rail system with three types of flat width and five kinds of flat length are obtained. The results show that the width, the length of the wheel flat and the width/length ratio have a great influence on the wheel/rail impact dynamics. The wheel/rail impact dynamics of the flat with large width is more severe than with small width as the flat length is fixed. When a flat spot occurs, the permissible length of the wheel defect, needless to action, is 25?mm in maximum. The speed safety domain with three kinds of flat width/length ratio of a vehicle is obtained according to the wheel/rail vertical force limitation.     

Numerical Simulation of Coupled Thermo-mechanical Behavior of a Cylinder Billet during Hot-forging Process

IntroductionInhotforging,variationanddistributiol1oftemperatureplayveryimportantroIeinviewofthermalstressesorthermalstrainaswe1lasthemateria1properties.MechanicaldefOrmationcangenerateheatbyfrictionalslidingand/ordissipatiOI1ofplasticwork.Theboundaryconditionfortemperatureismodifiedbythechangeinmaterialshape.Dietemperatureusuallyislowerthanworkpiecetemperatureandthisfactresultsindiechilling.Itsignificantlyaffectsthetemperatureoftheworkpiecea11d,consequently,alterstheflowstress.Whenthedieisr…     

Effect of vehicle vibration environment of high-speed train on dynamic performance of axle box bearing

In this study, we developed a comprehensive three-dimensional vehicle–track coupled dynamics model considering the traction drive system and axle box bearing. In this model, dynamic interactions between the axle box bearing and other components, such as the wheelset and bogie frame, are considered based on a detailed analysis of the structural properties and working mechanism of the axle box bearing. A few complicated dynamic excitations, such as the time-varying mesh stiffness of gears, time-varying stiffness of bearing, bearing gaps and track irregularities, are considered. Then, the dynamic responses of the vehicle–track system are demonstrated via numerical simulations based on the established dynamics model. The results indicate that the traction drive system and track irregularities can significantly influence the dynamic interactions of the axle box bearing. The necessity of considering the excitation caused by gear meshing and track irregularities when assessing the dynamic performance of the axle box bearing is demonstrated.