应用空间有限元模型进行船舶总振动特性的研究

本文以17500吨货船“海建”号为实例研究应用空间有限元模型计算船舶总振动的方法。对于实际船舶结构中的板,提出用平面应力元简化,以减少计算自由度数,由此产生的问题采用节点主从关系的方法解决。在编制的计算程序中,根据质量矩阵高度稀疏的特点,采用了稀疏存储技术,从而使船舶整体空间模型的振动分析能在国产中小型机器上实现。实例计算结果和测量结果的比较表明,这种计算模型合理、可靠。本文还对船舶总振动计算的梁模型、平面有限元模型、空间有限元模型作了比较和讨论。     

新型避振穴研究

本文提出了一处新型避振穴。由于摒弃了橡胶弹性元件，该避振穴的结构简单，施工与维护方便。还介绍了模型试验结果，阐述了减振原理与应用前景。     

集装箱船弯扭耦合振动分析

本文基于薄壁结构力学基本理论，提出了一种适合于大开口集装箱船弯扭耦合振动分析的薄壁梁有限元模型。该模型考虑了翘曲、剪切及剖面转动的影响，以及货舱大开口和抗扭箱（甲板梁）引起的结构不连续性。其例中，计算结果与三维有限元分析结果、模型试验结果相当吻合，而薄壁梁有限元的计算效率要高得多，算例还表明抗扭箱（甲板梁）对提高集装箱船的抗扭刚度有十分重要的意义。     

船尾桨前垂向整流鳍的减振机理研究及其应用

文章认为在船尾型线设计中若不考虑横剖线的UV度、各水线去流角大小等对船体振动的不利影响,很可能会导致艉部水流异常;螺旋桨盘面处非定常及分布不均匀的艉流将直接导致船体剧烈振动.针对发生了该类有害振动的船舶,介绍一种安装于船尾的垂向整流鳍.通过引用水动力不平衡导致螺旋桨激振力产生的基本原理,探讨垂向整流鳍整流使螺旋桨盘面处原艉流场发生有利改变的实质,揭示船尾桨前垂向整流鳍的减振机理.以实例说明该整流鳍在消除该类振动方面的突出效果.     

Three-dimensional vortex-induced vibrations of a circular cylinder predicted using a wake oscillator model

This paper reports a numerical study based on a wake oscillator model, to determine the three-dimensional vortex-induced vibration (VIV) responses on a flexible cylinder with pinned-pinned boundary conditions subjected to a uniform flow. Four different aspect ratios have been selected for the study. The coupling equations of the structural oscillator models and wake oscillator models in both the cross-flow (CF) and in-line (IL) directions have been solved using a standard central difference method of the second order. The structural displacement, structural frequency, response wave pattern, response trajectory, and lift force coefficient, for four aspect ratios, have been compared. The numerical results establish that, for a small aspect ratio, the CF displacements have absolute standing wave behaviors without travelling wave behaviors, and the IL displacements have dominant standing wave behaviors with slight travelling wave behaviors. Further, the VIV trajectory is repeatable and displays figure-eight shapes. However, for a large aspect ratio, the CF displacements display identical characteristics with the IL displacements for a small aspect ratio, and the IL displacements for a large aspect ratio are simultaneously dominated by standing and travelling wave behaviors. Moreover, the VIV trajectory is apparently aperiodic and shows chaotic shapes.     

Experimental investigation on vortex-induced force of a Steel Catenary Riser under in-plane vessel motion

A method to identify vortex-induced forces and coefficients from measured strains of a Steel Catenary Riser (SCR) undergoing vessel motion-induced Vortex-induced Vibration (VIV) is proposed. Euler–Bernoulli beam vibration equations with time-varying tension is adopted to describe the out-of-plane VIV responses. Vortex-induced forces are reconstructed via inverse analysis method, and the Forgetting Factor Least Squares (FF-LS) method is employed to identify time-varying vortex-induced force coefficients, including excitation coefficients and added mass coefficients. The method is verified via a finite element analysis procedure in commercial software Orcaflex. The time-varying excitation coefficients and added mass coefficients of an SCR undergoing vessel motion-induced VIV are investigated. Results show that vessel motion-induced VIV is excited at the middle or lower part of the SCR and in the acceleration period of in-plane velocity, where most of the excitation coefficients are positive, while during the deceleration period, the excitation coefficients becomes too small to excite VIVs. Parameter γ [1] has strong correlation with excitation coefficients. In addition, time-varying tensions contribute significantly to the variations of added mass coefficients under the condition that the ratio of dynamic top tension to pretension exceeds the range of 0.7–1.3. Moreover, chaotic behaviors are observed in vortex-induced force coefficients and are more evident with the increase of vessel motion velocity. This behavior may attribute to the randomness existing in in-plane velocity and its coupling with out-of-plane vibrations.     

板式无砟轨道交通引起的环境振动数值分析

利用已研究出的高速铁路动荷载,采用粘弹性边界,运用有限元法建立轨道-路基-大地二维动力分析模型,分析板式无砟轨道交通引起的振动在大地中的传播特性。计算分析表明:地表的振动强度随着离轨道中心线的距离增加而逐渐衰减。离轨道中心线近处,地表振动较强,而且加速度主要频段在20 Hz以上;离轨道中心线较远处,振动较小,加速度主要频段在10 Hz以下。随着离轨道中心距离的增加,加速度幅值随之减小,而且地表20 Hz以上的振动衰减得较快,10 Hz以下的振动衰减得较慢。     

模态试验分析对解决汽车振动问题的应用

针对某车辆在行驶试验时,在车速57 km/h时出现低频5.4 Hz的驾驶室异常振动的现象,振动形式为俯仰振动,人体乘坐舒适性主观感觉很差。先后采用多种常规振动分析试验方法对该车进行振动分析,也未能分析出引起驾驶室异常振动的原因。最后对该车的车架和驾驶室进行模态试验分析,分析判断得出该车在行驶时驾驶室异常振动的频率与车架整体一阶弯曲时的接近,由此判断该车驾驶室异常振动是由车架整体-阶弯曲引起的。根据试验分析结果,文章最后对某车问题的改进方案综合评价后提出了合理的改进方案。     

路面激励下的6700客车动力总成悬置系统性能分析

针对6700客车动力总成悬置系统在路面激励下的隔振性能进行了分析评估。建立了用于动力总成悬置系统性能分析的13自由度整车系统动力学模型,分析了系统的模态属性,重点讨论了考虑路面随机激励下的动力总成振动响应。对悬置系统隔振性能较差的问题进行了分析,找到了问题的主要原因是车架和悬置子系统存在沿Z向激励下的模态耦合。     

浅埋小净距大断面扩挖隧道爆破方案设计与爆破振动监测

以重庆机场路渝州隧道扩挖工程为研究对象,通过在隧道施工爆破过程中对邻近隧道、地表房屋等建筑物进行振动监测,应用萨道夫斯基经验公式对现场监测数据进行回归分析,确定爆破应力波在泥岩、砂岩中的传播衰减规律,进而控制不同目标、不同间距情况下每次最大起爆药量,以指导后续施工,保证邻近隧道、房屋等建筑物振动速度控制在安全范围内。