地铁线路下穿燃气调压站引起的环境振动影响及控制措施研究

近年来,我国大城市地铁线网和城市燃气管网密度日益增大,地铁线路不可避免下穿燃气管线及其调压站,而地铁列车运行对燃气设施产生的振动影响及其控制措施研究少见报道。以某地铁线路下穿燃气调压站实际工程为分析对象,综合采用地铁振动类比测试和数值仿真计算方法对燃气调压站受地铁振动影响情况进行了预测分析,提出"减振垫-厚重筏板基础-减振垫-箱形设备基础"隔振控制方案,并对其隔振效果进行数值仿真分析。分析结果表明:控制措施实施前,3个燃气设备基础Z振级预测值为78.3~81.4 dB,加速度峰值为0.155~0.22 m/s^2;控制措施实施后,Z振级降为69.9~73.4 dB,加速度峰值平均下降61%,控制措施效果明显。     

C波段低相噪频率源的设计

介绍基于DRO（Dielectric Resonator Oscillator）技术的低相噪微波频率源,由于DRO的高Q值其相比于锁相环（PLL）技术具有更低的相位噪声,用低温度系数的介质谐振器,有效地改善了振荡器的频率温度稳定性.同时减小介质谐振器与微带线之间的耦合度,能进一步改善相位噪声.论文设计的输出频率为4GHz的DRO在频偏10KHz处相位噪声-122dBc/Hz,输出功率8.5dBm,二次谐波抑制-42dBc,证明了其在低相位噪声频率源应用上的优势.     

An investigation into the mechanism of the polygonal wear of metro train wheels and its effect on the dynamic behaviour of a wheel/rail system

This paper presents a detailed investigation conducted into the mechanism of the polygonal wear of metro train wheels through extensive experiments conducted at the sites. The purpose of the experimental investigation is to determine from where the resonant frequency that causes the polygonal wear of the metro train wheels originates. The experiments include the model tests of a vehicle and its parts and the tracks, the dynamic behaviour test of the vehicle in operation and the observation test of the polygonal wear development of the wheels. The tracks tested include the viaducts and the tunnel tracks. The structure model tests show that the average passing frequency of a polygonal wheel is approximately close to the first bending resonant frequency of the wheelset that is found by the wheelset model test and verified by the finite element analysis of the wheelset. Also, the dynamic behaviour test of the vehicle in operation indicates the main frequencies of the vertical acceleration vibration of the axle boxes, which are dominant in the vertical acceleration vibration of the axle boxes and close to the passing frequency of a polygonal wheel, which shows that the first bending resonant frequency of the wheelset is very exciting in the wheelset operation. The observation test of the polygonal wear development of the wheels indicates an increase in the rate of the polygonal wear of the wheels after their re-profiling. This paper also describes the dynamic models used for the metro vehicle coupled with the ballasted track and the slab track to analyse the effect of the polygonal wear of the wheels on the wheel/rail normal forces.     

Chatter vibrations of high-performance motorcycles

Motorcycle racing teams occasionally experience speed-limiting vibrations of around 25 Hz frequency in mid-corner. The nature of the vibrations has not been closely defined yet and the mechanics are currently not properly understood. Conventional motorcycle-dynamics models are shown here to reveal the existence of a vibration mode that aligns with the experience being referred to, suggesting some explanations. Root loci for variations in speed or cornering vigour, demonstrating modal characteristics for small perturbations from trim states, are employed to indicate how the mode responds to changes in operation and design. Modal participation is examined for a lightly damped case. Influences on the natural frequency and damping of the mode are found and a way of stabilising the mode is suggested.     

地铁隧道半断面水平冻结施工的水热力耦合特性研究

地层冻结是一个水、热、力三场耦合问题,基于考虑相变的水热力耦合理论,分析地层温度场、水分场随时间的变化规律,对比冻结前后隧道开挖的位移场分布特点。研究表明:随着冻结时间的增加,冻结管周边土体的温度将逐渐降低并发生冻结,出现冻结区域扩大、交圈、冻结帷幕增厚等变化过程;冻结帷幕内的冻土存在未冻结水,随着冻结时间的增加,大多数位置的未冻结水体积含量出现先增大后减小的变化趋势;建议在冻结帷幕两侧下方追加冻结管以保证实际的冻结帷幕达到设计范围,并对冻结管距开挖轮廓线的距离进行差异化设定。     

多塔斜拉桥加劲索涡激振动实测与时域解析模态分解

为研究多塔斜拉桥中塔加劲索涡激振动时域和频域特性，对多根加劲索开展了振动加速度测量和风速、风向观测，研究了加劲索振幅与风速和风向的关系，分析了加速度时程的时域和频域特征。采用解析模态分解法对加劲索涡激振动加速度时程进行了分解，分析了所得分量的时域和频谱特征。研究发现，在无雨和较低风速条件下，同侧并列加劲索仅迎风侧发生明显涡激振动，其峰值振动是以频率为6.25 Hz的第28阶模态主要参与为特征，为高阶多模态涡激振动，明显发振风速约为4~5 m·s^-1，风向接近垂直桥轴线，其面内振动明显大于面外。1^#加劲索面内涡激振动时程分解得到的3个相邻高阶频率时程分量显示，第28阶模态振动加速度随时间的变化，主导了加劲索振动加速度幅值的增大和减小。同时认为，解析模态分解法不仅能较好地分离含有多个密集频率分量的时域信号，且分解得到的分量不改变原信号分量的频率特征，分解分量再合成的信号与原信号时频特征完全一致。因而可采用解析模态分解法分解具有多个密集频率分量的柔性结构响应，能有助于工程结构风致响应的模态参数识别。     

悬臂正交各向异性圆柱壳的自由振动分析

圆柱壳是潜艇、化工容器以及宇航结构中的主要形式,它的动态特性一直得到了广泛的研究.基于分离变量法和Flügge经典壳体理论,分析了正交各向异性圆柱壳在悬臂边界条件下的自由振动问题.给出了精确解的形式,得到了自由振动频率和振型的变化曲线.分析了材料特性和几何参数对频率的影响.数值算例结果表明,本文的方法具有较高的精度.     

耦合轮对的应用研究

建立了耦合轮对转向架车辆的动力学计算模型,利用数值模拟方法对不同半径曲线的通过情况进行了动态仿真计算.通过传统轮对与独立轮对、耦合轮对的比较,认为耦合轮对具有更好的动力学性能.基于耦合轮对的特点,提出采用耦合轮对抑制粘滑振动的新方法,并对其可行性进行了分析.分析表明,由于耦合轮对蠕滑力的可控性,采用耦合轮对能有效抑制轮对的粘滑振动.     

水下方盒结构振动与声辐射相关性研究

针对水下结构振动与声辐射的耦合问题,重点研究了水下方盒结构在简谐激励作用下结构振动和声辐射间的相关性.在计算结构声振响应时,采用有限元结合边界元的算法,即在考虑流固耦合影响下采用有限元法计算结构的振动响应,在此基础上采用边界元法求解无限介质中的Helmhohz方程,从而求得结构的辐射声场.在结构振动和声辐射响应的基础上,计算了几个典型位置声辐射与激励点振动间的关联系数,讨论了它们的关联性.最后得出结论:除了激励源附近位置外,声辐射与结构振动间的关联性是很强的.     

Assessment of wheel loader vibration on the riding comfort according to ISO standards

Vibration accelerations were measured on a compact wheel loader during 11 operations with two drivers and with/without the activated boom suspension system (BSS). Two standards, ISO 2631-1 (1985) and ISO 2631-1 (1997), were used to assess the effect of wheel loader vibration on comfort. The assessment results of ISO 2631-1 (1985) showed that vibration in the frequency range from 4 to 20 Hz in the vertical direction and in the frequency range from 1.6 to 3.15 Hz in the vertical and driving directions plays an important role in comfort assessment. The overall total values of vibration measured on the wheel loader in all operations exceeded the ‘uncomfortable’ boundary specified in ISO 2631-1 (1997). The speed had a larger influence on the vibration intensity than the bucket load, the BSS or the driver biodynamic response during driving. During driving and V-cycle, the difference of vibration intensity with two drivers in the z-direction is larger than that in the x- and y-direction.