某型船用柴油机机体装配台肩裂纹原因分析及对策

文章针对某型船用柴油机机体装配台肩多处裂纹，在常规应力分析计算的基础上，考虑安全性、经济性，提出了一种有效的解决方法，该船柴油机经3年使用正常。     

大体积混凝土裂缝成因及防治措施

控制和预防大体积混凝土裂缝是一项系统工程,涉及到设计、原材料的选择、施工工艺、养护和其他一些不确定的因素。对大体积混凝土裂缝成因进行系统的理论研究,提出合理的裂缝控制措施,可为工程实践提供指导。     

工程起爆技术研究

在公路工程施工中,爆破技术应用得比较普遍。采用适合的爆破方法,对加快施工进度、保证施工质量和减少工程造价均有明显的作用。     

唐港高速公路桥涵常见病害及处治措施

根据唐港高速公路桥涵定期检查结果，结合该高速公路通车多年的实际情况以及其他高速公路的养护经验，对唐港高速公路桥涵提出了养护建议及保障措施，以更好地保障桥涵运营质量。     

桥梁混凝土结构裂缝控制探讨

在桥梁混凝土结构中,裂缝是最常见的病害,这一病害使工程的质量大打折扣。鉴于此,分析总结桥梁混凝土裂缝产生的原因,并提出解决措施,以防止混凝土裂缝带来的不良后果,提高桥梁工程的质量。     

Numerical simulation of fatigue crack propagation under superimposed stress histories containing different frequency components with several mean stress conditions

Fatigue crack propagation behavior under superimposed stress histories containing different frequency components with several mean stress conditions was investigated. Numerical simulation of fatigue crack propagation based on an advanced fracture mechanics approach using the RPG (Re-tensile Plastic zone Generating) stress criterion for fatigue crack propagation was improved to extract the effective part from the applied stress history for fatigue crack propagation. The parameter, which is based on the plastic hysteresis energy consumed in the vicinity of a crack tip, was applied and implemented into the numerical simulation code of fatigue crack propagation. Fatigue crack propagation tests under various superimposed stress conditions with several mean stress conditions were performed and compared with the fatigue crack propagation histories obtained from the improved numerical simulations. These comparisons show the validity of the proposed procedure for extracting the effective stress history from the superimposed stress histories with different frequency components and mean stresses. Additionally, practical fatigue strength evaluations based on the linear cumulative fatigue damage parameter were conducted to investigate the tendency of the fatigue damage value under these stress conditions.     

Numerical simulation of fatigue crack propagation under biaxial tensile loadings with phase differences

Fatigue crack propagation under the biaxial tensile loading, which loading directions are normal and parallel to the initial crack position, is highlighted in this study. Most of in-service structures and vessels are subjected to many types of loading. Generally, these loadings have different axial components with different phases. However, the structural integrities of structures and vessels are evaluated according to design codes based on theoretical and experimental investigations under a uniaxial loading condition. Most of these codes are based on the S–N curves approach. An approach that does not use S–N curves has been favored by researchers, with the fracture mechanics approach preferred for evaluating the fatigue life of structures. An advanced fracture mechanics approach was developed based on the Re-tensile Plastic zone Generating (RPG) stress criterion for fatigue crack propagation. In this study, fatigue crack propagation tests under biaxial loading with six different phase and loading conditions are performed and the effect of the phase difference under biaxial loading is evaluated. A numerical simulation method of fatigue crack propagation based on the RPG stress criterion under different biaxial loading phase conditions is presented and compared to measured data.     

SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料细观损伤的温度效应

SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的宏观力学行为与其微观损伤机理密切相关，随温度的升高，材料力学性能明显下降，SiCD／A356复合材料表现出不同的细观损伤机理．文中对真空双搅拌方法制备的质量分数为20％的SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料在室温和高温下的细观损伤机制进行了研究，在试样断口上，通过扫描电镜观察到了不同的裂纹萌生和扩展机制，根据不同温度下表现出的不同失效方法，归纳出了复合材料细观损伤的温度效应曲线．研究表明，在室温下复合材料的裂纹萌生以基体撕裂和颗粒断裂为主，高温下其裂纹萌生机制以颗粒脱离和基体撕裂为主．     

φ840D货车车轮辐板孔疲劳裂纹扩展特性研究

针对目前840D货车车轮辐板孔裂纹故障增多及其可能带来的隐患,本文首先采用有限元方法数值模拟了不同运用条件下车轮的机械应力和制动热应力,其次根据线弹性断裂力学理论研究了辐板孔边裂纹的应力强度因子,最后结合Forman疲劳裂纹扩展方程及裂纹扩展门槛值,得到不同运用工况下辐板孔裂纹扩展的基本特性及规律,从而分析出了导致裂纹扩展的载荷条件。分析结果表明:辐板孔裂纹是典型的疲劳裂纹,是由萌生于辐板孔内侧的微细裂纹逐渐扩展而来的,它是由热负荷和机械载荷的综合效应造成的。单纯的机械载荷不会直接导致孔边裂纹的萌生和扩展;坡道制动与机械载荷的叠加才是导致辐板孔裂纹萌生与扩展的最主要的载荷工况。这对预防车轮疲劳失效、优化车轮设计,保障行车安全,具有重要意义。     

基于最大裂纹张口位移计算应力强度因子的方法研究

文章提出了基于最大裂纹张口位移计算I型应力强度因子的新方法,该方法适用于复合载荷(均匀拉伸和纯弯曲载荷组合)作用下的具有半椭圆表面裂纹的有限平板模型。首先,理论推导了具有埋藏裂纹的无限大平板受均匀拉伸载荷作用时应力强度因子与裂纹最大张口位移的对应关系,再应用有限元数值模拟技术,考虑了表面效应、模型尺寸效应及载荷形式的影响,然后基于有限元模拟结果,根据多元多次最小二乘法原理拟合出对应修正系数表达式,最终建立了复合载荷作用下有限平板裂纹尖端应力强度因子与最大张口位移的函数关系,实现了由容易获得的最大裂纹张口位移确定应力强度因子的方法。该方法避免了对裂纹尖端的应力场、位移场的分析,为实际应用中应力强度因子的获得提供了新的方法。