地铁区间隧道的紧急安全疏散标志系统

以北京地铁复八线为例,论述地铁消防安全工程区间隧道紧急逃生疏散系统的设计。经过实际检测和验收,说明在区间隧道中采用BXF9-C2集中控制型应急标志系统,能较好地解决区间隧道的安全逃生问题,提高区间隧道紧急疏散的安全性,同时提出与区间通风排烟协调一致的模式。     

地铁隧道火灾疏散救援问题的研究

根据地铁隧道内列车火灾的特点,在分析隧道火灾原因、烟气扩散影响和人员疏散时间等基础上,提出隧道火灾排烟模式原则,以及在隧道内采用侧向疏散平台加联络通道、在列车上应用细水雾消防技术等建议.     

地铁车站出入口规划设计问题探讨

相对于不易改动位置及规模的地铁站来说,可以通过灵活的规划和设计来充分发挥出入口的疏散和救援功能,从而提高地铁车站在事故状态下的应对能力.从疏散和救援的角度提出事故状态下地铁车站出入口布置原则和出入口数量估算方法.指出出入口设置位置的不同,对乘客在地下通道的步行时间有显著影响.通过一些简化的计算模型,对比分析了车站位于道路下方和位于道路一侧下方两种情况下,四种出入口布置方式的乘客平均步距.在此基础上分析了事故状态下出入口与车站问的合理位置和出入口宽度的确定方法.以上海轨道交通1号线徐家汇站某一出入口为例,提出了提高出入口疏散能力的建议.     

船舶倾斜对不同行人流疏散效率影响的数值分析

为研究船舶倾斜对船上人员疏散过程的影响,在基础社会力模型中引入行人倾斜力和自调整力,构建一种考虑船舶倾斜状态的改进社会力模型,通过比对前人实验结果验证模型的有效性.增加行人视角范围,确定周围行人作用的有效范围;结合MATLAB仿真单向、对向、交叉和多向行人流场景,分析不同倾斜状态对行人疏散速度的影响,并拟合疏散时间随倾...     

应用特征抽取图像技术进行车站人群监测的初探

文中将以一个地铁站或火车站为例,提出一种特征抽取方法去辨别在候车的人群,并运用图像处理技术去探测出某时刻的人群拥挤情况;同时,用C语言编写所有的程序。     

大鼠脑内血肿部分抽吸对红细胞SOD活性的影响

为探讨脑内血肿部分抽吸对血肿触发自由基反应的影响，利用立体定向技术制作脑内血肿大鼠模型并模拟血肿抽吸，观察各组红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性的变化。结果显示血肿部分抽吸显著降低红细胞ＳＯＤ活性（Ｐ＜０．０５），提示血肿部分抽吸抑制大鼠体内的自由基反应，其机制可能与减轻血肿周围组织和毛细血管的损伤有关。     

Hurricane evacuation demand models with a focus on use for prediction in future events

Although substantial literature exists on understanding hurricane evacuation behavior, few studies have developed models that can be used for predicting evacuation rates in future events. For this paper, we develop new ordered probit models for evacuation using survey data collected in the hurricane-prone state of North Carolina in 2011 and 2012. Since all covariates in the models are available from the census or based on location, the new models can be applied to predict evacuation rates for any future hurricane. The out-of-sample predictive power of the new models are evaluated at the individual household level using cross validation, and the aggregated level using available data from Hurricane Irene (2011), Hurricane Isabel (2003) and Hurricane Floyd (1999). Model results are also compared with an existing participation rate model, and a logistic regression model available from the literature. Results at the individual household level suggests approximately 70% of households’ evacuation behavior will be predicted correctly. Errors are evenly divided between false positives and false negatives, and with accuracy increasing to 100% as the percentage of people who actually evacuate goes to zero or all and decreasing to about 50% when the population is divided and about half of all households actually evacuate. Aggregate results suggest the new models compare favorably to the available ones, with average aggregate evacuation rate errors of five percentage points.     

装有侧向疏散平台的地铁区闻乘客疏散

结合广州地铁3、4号线装有侧向疏散平台的情况，对在设备故障和紧急情况下的区间乘客疏散进行研究，探讨乘客步行、本线来车驳运和邻线来车驳运三种疏散方式的组织办法，提出装有侧向疏散平台的地铁区间乘客疏散方案。     

烟大铁路轮渡渡船救生系统设计

回顾了近年来中国法规对客滚船救生设备要求的衍变,介绍了烟大铁路轮渡渡船救生系统的设计优化的实例.     

Online calibration of an integrated framework for information‐based evacuation operations

This study seeks to online calibrate the parameters of aggregate evacuee behavior models used in a behavior‐consistent information‐based control module for determining information strategies for real‐time evacuation operations. It enables the deployment of an operational framework for mass evacuation that integrates three aspects underlying an evacuation operation: demand (evacuee behavior), supply (network management), and disaster characteristics. To attain behavior‐consistency, the control module factors evacuees' likely responses to the disseminated information in determining information‐based control strategies. Hence, the ability of the behavior models to predict evacuees' likely responses is critical to the effectiveness of traffic routing by information strategies. The mixed logit structure is used for the aggregate behavior models to accommodate the behavioral heterogeneity across the population. An online calibration problem is proposed to calibrate the random parameters in the behavior models by using the least square estimator to minimize the gap between the predicted network flows and unfolding traffic dynamics. Background traffic, an important but rarely studied issue for modeling evacuation traffic, is also accounted for in the proposed problem. Numerical experiments are conducted to illustrate the importance of the calibration problem for addressing the system consistency issues and integrating the demand, supply, and disaster characteristics for more efficient evacuation operations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.