公路工程项目成本控制现状分析

结合工程实践,通过对公路施工企业成本管理客观及主观现状分析,论述了成本管理的具体内容,抓住成本管理的关键环节并采取相应的措施,实施有效的公路工程项目成本管理,以指导公路施工企业项目成本管理并提高企业竞争能力。     

怠速充电工况下的电池SOC平衡控制

在分析单电机和双电机混合动力电动车发动机怠速充电工况下电池能量稳定性控制要求的基础上,提出了一种怠速充电工况电池SOC平衡的主动控制策略,并给出相应控制过程的能量控制目标值计算公式和相应的分析.通过对所提出的怠速充电工况电池SOC平衡控制策略进行仿真和实车测试,结果表明,该控制策略能有效控制电池SOC平衡,怠速充电过程...     

抑制异步牵引电机启动峰值电流的控制策略研究

针对直接转矩控制(Direct Torque Control,简称DTC)模式下异步牵引电动机启动峰值电流过大的问题,提出了一种抑制异步牵引电机启动峰值电流的转矩和磁链同步控制策略。根据两相静止αβ坐标系下异步电机的数学模型,利用Matlab/Simulink软件包中的S函数模块和基本模块,构建出交流异步电动机直接转矩控制系统的仿真模型,对其在转矩和磁链不同控制策略下的启动过程进行了动态仿真。仿真结果与目前牵引电机运行的数据接近,证明了该仿真模型的合理性和有效性。这表明,采用转矩和磁链同步控制策略至少可以降低2/3的启动峰值电流。     

电喷发动机燃油泵电路与喷油器电路控制原理

简介不同的电喷发动机燃油泵和喷油器的控制电路原理。并分别介绍喷油器的几种喷油方式以及喷油器的驱动方式和特点。     

轨道车辆三电平中点自平衡电路拓扑研究

在有轨电车超级电容供电系统中,作为充电装置的三电平直流变换器中储能电容存在有均压以及中点平衡问题,中点不平衡将导致装置的工作异常,严重的将引起直流变换器的损坏。对此,传统方法一般是通过电路拓扑结构及控制策略调节电力电子器件开关管占空比来解决。通过分析传统充电装置中三电平中点电位不平衡的原因,针对超级电容型轨道车辆充电系统中三电平直流变换器中点偏移问题,提出一种新的三电平直流变换电路拓扑,通过斜对称电容构建三电平充电电路,不仅具有传统三电平直流变换拓扑降低开关管应力、改善系统的动态性能的优点,还可以在不依靠控制算法的基础上实现一定的三电平直流变换器均压电容中点电位的自平衡校正能力。针对该电路拓扑,详细阐述优化拓扑电路的工作原理和其中点自平衡特点,同时给出电路中相关开关器件及滤波电感及均压支撑电容计算过程。通过Matlab/Simulink仿真软件分析及搭建实物平台,验证优化拓扑结构不仅兼具传统三电平直流变换器拓扑降低开关管应力,改善系统动态性能的优点,更有充电速率快,安全性能高的特点,还能不依靠控制算法实现中点电位自平衡。     

弧形防浪墙波浪力的试验研究

在斜坡式防浪建筑物中,为满足越浪与稳定要求,减少工程投资,常在堤顶设置防浪墙。通过三分力天平对常用的直立式、不同墙底高程和墙高组合下的圆弧式防浪墙进行物理模型试验,直接测量作用其上的波浪力,分析不同形式下防浪墙的整体稳定性,讨论防浪墙形式引起的波浪力的变化关系。     

湛江东海岛近岸潮流场数值模拟

将Smagorinsky亚网格模型引入ADCIRC潮流模型求解涡粘性系数,使模型在模拟近岸潮流方面更加合理。为进一步揭示中海油气开发利用公司广东沥青项目码头工程海域的潮流变化,利用改进的ADCIRC模型对湛江东海岛海域潮流场进行了合理地模拟和分析。结果表明该工程港池和进港支航道的开挖对湛江主航道影响很小。工程建设只改变了工程区海域的局部流态,并且新开挖航道的水动力条件有助于船舶顺流进港。     

The impact of land-use mix on residents' travel energy consumption: New evidence from Beijing

Policies that encourage mixed land use are widely believed to make transport more energy efficient. However, few studies have directly examined the impacts of land-use heterogeneity on travel energy consumption at the individual level. Moreover, the definition and measures of land-use heterogeneity are debated. This paper aims to fill these gaps using the large city of Beijing, China, as a case study. Three types of land use are examined in terms of their effects on individual residents’ travel energy consumption. The results suggest that high land-use diversity and a good jobs-housing balance significantly reduces commuting travel. Interestingly, highly heterogeneous retail and housing areas may have high travel energy use, as residents are more likely to go shopping. There are obvious spatial variations in these effects. Residents of suburban ‘newtowns’, where the jobs-housing balance is particularly good, consume less travel energy. The results suggest that decreased use of conventional planning patterns, such as the socialist danwei system, and increasing urban sprawl, bring new challenges to achieving transport efficiency. Mixed land-use policies can be an effective solution to these challenges.     

An empirical investigation into the time-use and activity patterns of dual-earner couples with and without young children

This paper examines the time-use patterns of adults in dual-earner households with and without children as a function of several individual and household socio-demographics and employment characteristics. A disaggregate activity purpose classification including both in-home and out-of-home activity pursuits is used because of the travel demand relevance of out-of-home pursuits, as well as to examine both mobility-related and general time-use related social exclusion and time poverty issues. The study uses the Nested Multiple Discrete Continuous Extreme Value (MDCNEV) model, which recognizes that time-decisions entail the choice of participating in one or more activity purposes along with the amount of time to invest in each chosen activity purpose, and allows generic correlation structures to account for common unobserved factors that might impact the choice of multiple alternatives. The 2010 American Time Use Survey (ATUS) data is used for the empirical analysis. A major finding of the study is that the presence of a child in dual-earner households not only leads to a reduction in in-home non-work activity participation (excluding child care activities) but also a substantially larger decrease in out-of-home non-work activity participation (excluding child care and shopping activities), suggesting a higher level of mobility-related social exclusion relative to overall time-use social exclusion. To summarize, the results in the paper underscore the importance of considering household structure in activity-based travel demand models, as well as re-designing work policies in the United States to facilitate a reduction in work-family conflict in dual-earner families.     

铁道车辆横向能量回馈式主动悬挂鲁棒控制

为保证一类具有参数不确定的铁道车辆横向能量回馈式主动悬挂系统的稳定性, 通过引入带有交叉乘积项的二次型调节器, 提出了一种鲁棒H∞控制器的设计方法, 并对含摄动的悬挂系统模型进行了鲁棒H∞控制器设计。分析了具有参数摄动的能量回馈式主动悬挂系统的能量平衡条件, 并在MATLAB/SIMULINK下, 对控制系统进行了仿真。仿真结果表明: 不确定闭环系统的结构奇异值峰值为0.867 5, 鲁棒H∞控制器使得能量回馈式主动悬挂系统鲁棒稳定; 车辆模型的共振频率增益降低了40 dB, 悬挂减振性能得到明显改善; 整个仿真过程回收能量为29.5 J, 系统达到了能量平衡。