用模糊逻辑实现动力定位船舶的艏向寻优

由于各种环境因素随时间不断变化，船舶作为动力定位作业时，最优艏向也是不断变化的，所以艏向寻优是动力定位的关键技术之一，本文用模糊逻辑实现艏向寻优，其优点是，不依赖于环境要素的测量值和数学模型，寻优与控制相结合，反应快，准确程度高。     

地理信息系统中数据库间数据交换技术的研究

鉴于地理信息系统中数据交换信息量巨大,提出利用数据交换通信平台(DECP)作为中间层,来实现异构数据库之间的数据传输和交换。DECP由数据访问层、业务逻辑层、安全代理、数据传送代理、客户代理、消息层、事务管理器七个部分组成。DECP所采用的关键技术是基于代理的安全技术、系统调度、异构数据库的访问和事务的调度和管理。     

铁路交通中基于通信的无线定位问题分析

简要阐述无线定位的基本原理和在铁路交通中的具体应用和发展趋势 ,对定位误差进行了分析 ,并结合铁路交通定位的特殊性 ,提出适合铁路交通的单、双基站定位方案 ,在定位精度和抗NLOS等方面对各方案进行比较分析。提出建立自适应列车运动轨迹预测模型 ,并对如何提高定位精度进行了分析。     

Gas transfer velocities of CO2 and CH4 in a tropical reservoir and its river downstream

We have measured simultaneously the methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) surface concentrations and water–air fluxes by floating chambers (FC) in the Petit-Saut Reservoir (French Guiana) and its tidal river (Sinnamary River) downstream of the dam, during the two field experiments in wet (May 2003) and dry season (December 2003). The eddy covariance (EC) technique was also used for CO₂ fluxes on the lake. The comparison of fluxes obtained by FC and EC showed little discrepancies mainly due to differences in measurements durations which resulted in different average wind speeds. When comparing the gas transfer velocity (k₆₀₀) for a given wind speed, both methods gave similar results. On the lake and excluding rainy events, we obtained an exponential relationship between k₆₀₀ and U₁₀, with a significant intercept at 1.7 cm h^− 1, probably due to thermal effects. Gas transfer velocity was also positively related to rainfall rates reaching 26.5 cm h⁻¹ for a rainfall rate of 36 mm h^− 1. During a 24-h experiment in dry season, rainfall accounted for as much as 25% of the k₆₀₀. In the river downstream of the dam, k₆₀₀ values were 3 to 4 times higher than on the lake, and followed a linear relationship with U₁₀.     

动对动GPS相对定位系统中整周模糊度求解

为解决GPS技术实现困难的问题,在证明动对动GPS定位时,模糊度整数解搜索准则和静态时是一样的结论基础上,认为动对动模糊度整数解搜索可以直接引用静态测量已有的理论,动对动模糊度解算的关键是"快速"计算模糊度的实数解,并应用最小二乘准则给出动对动GPS定位时的模糊度实数解求解公式。试验数据计算表明,计算时只需少数几个历元数据,模糊度实数解就收敛到整数解附近,且方差较小,因而模糊度的备选值较少,只需几次试算即可确定正确解,从而达到"快速"解算的目的。     

基于GPS的润扬大桥悬索桥位移监测与分析

介绍润扬大桥结构健康监测系统中的GPS子系统,对系统采集的大量数据进行了分析,研究了悬索桥在台风、温度、特殊车辆荷载作用下位移变化情况。研究结果表明:台风作用下桥面横向和竖向位移以跨中最大;温度对竖向以及顺桥向的位移有较大影响;正常运营状态下以及重车过桥时,桥面变形远小于设计荷载作用下的变形,结构具有较大的安全储备。     

Surface CO2 measurements in the English Channel and Southern Bight of North Sea using voluntary observing ships

Ships of opportunity have been used to investigate ocean–atmosphere CO₂ fluxes in the English Channel and Southern Bight of the North Sea. Continuous underway measurements of the fugacity of seawater carbon dioxide (fCO₂^sw), chlorophyll, temperature and salinity have been performed along 26 transects during the spring and autumn periods. The spatial fCO₂^sw distribution along the Channel and Southern Bight is modulated by the photosynthetic activity, temperature changes and water mixing between inputs from the North Atlantic Ocean and riverine discharges. The seasonal variability of fCO₂^sw is assessed and discussed in terms of the biology and temperature effects, these having similar impacts. The variation of fCO₂^sw shows similar interannual patterns, with lower values in spring. The annual average of air–sea CO₂ fluxes places the English Channel as neutral area of CO₂ uptake. The spring and autumn data allow differentiating between distal and proximal continental areas. The Southern Bight shows a tendency towards net CO₂ uptake on the distal continental shelf, whereas the Scheldt and Thames Plumes show a CO₂ source behaviour on the proximal continental shelves.     

定距桨电力推进在动力定位工况中的运行性能

分析了动力定位工况中螺旋桨的工作特性以及定距桨电力推进的调节特性。认为以满足螺旋桨额定推力为目的,推进电动机只需要低速输出额定转矩来实现,即输出功率较低。而动力定位性能预报中是以额定功率来推算的,但在实船测试纪录中却只需部分功率,这对功率节省具有重要意义。     

基于轨间电缆的磁悬浮列车定位测速

分析了轨间电缆的特点，按定位测速信号的发送方不同，将定们测速方法分为地面发送、车上接收和车上发送、地面接收两种，比较了各种方法的优缺点，给出了估算公式。在以上分析的基础上，结合我国磁悬浮列车的发展情况，提出了现阶段可行的方案，并介绍了相关试验结果。     

水上桩基工程施工管理信息系统研制

水上桩基工程中，采用传统经纬仪角度前方交会法定位，会伴随大量的数据计算、资料上报、沉桩统计分析等工作，如果完全基于手工或计算器实现，任务相当繁重。本文介绍了适合这种作业方式的信息管理系统的结构、功能及实现技术。