环境变化下基于核典型相关分析与协整的损伤识别方法

采用传统协整方法进行损伤识别时，需要变量间满足较好的线性关系，而实际工程中监测变量往往存在一定程度的非线性，这使得协整方法的有效性受到影响。为此，提出一种结合核典型相关分析与协整的损伤识别方法。首先利用核典型相关分析能有效处理非线性相关变量的优点，将低维空间存在非线性关系的监测变量映射到高维空间，使其转化为线性相关的核典型变量。然后利用协整方法能够消除变量间共同趋势的特点，对核典型变量间的共同环境因素影响进行分离，并以分离环境因素影响后的协整残差作为损伤指标进行损伤识别。最后通过芬兰Kullaa课题组的木桁架桥试验数据，对协整方法、结合典型相关分析与协整的方法、核典型相关分析和协整相结合方法这3种方法的损伤识别结果进行比较。研究结果表明：在分析非线性数据方面，核典型相关分析要优于典型相关分析；前2种方法受监测变量数目的影响较大，选择不同数目的监测变量将得到不同的识别结果，而该方法对监测变量数目不敏感；且在损伤识别的漏判率方面该方法明显优于其他2种方法。     

Time domain modeling and simulation of warship flooding process based on counter-flooding activities北大核心CSCD

[目的]实战损伤条件下,舰艇进水是舱室进水漫延与舰员抗沉行为相对抗的过程。现有的不沉性理论无法客观、全面评估抗沉干预对战损舰艇进水过程的影响,缺少从全时域的角度对战损舰艇进水过程开展预测的手段。[方法]首先,分析抗沉干预下舰艇破损进水的耦合关系,构建进水过程时域模型,进而给出数值求解算法;其次,结合案例分析抗沉干预要素对不沉性的影响,并开发可视化、交互式的仿真系统。[结果]通过仿真系统实现了进水过程与多种抗沉干预方式的综合评估,是对现有不沉性理论的有效补充。[结论]该成果不仅可帮助设计人员掌握抗沉设计方案对干预进水过程的有效性,指导舰艇抗沉能力的设计;还可应用于抗沉指挥决策的态势预报,具有较高的军事应用价值。     

动荷载作用下钢结构涂装的累积损伤机理与量化模型

为研究动荷载作用下公路钢桥涂装层与基体间的协同变形和破坏机制,开发了钢结构涂装层试件的动荷载试验系统,研究了疲劳荷载作用下涂层的破坏模式、附着力、弹性厚度、应变等随循环加载次数的发展规律。结合涂层破坏模式和发展规律,构建了涂层疲劳累积损伤度的计算模型,提出了基于损伤度的涂层破坏分级方法,并结合试验结果进行了验证。结果表明:疲劳荷载将引起涂层的附着力下降、弹性厚度降低和应变松弛,进而导致涂层出现附着破坏、内聚破坏及其组合。涂层附着损伤度是涂层损伤的主要因素,且随加载次数持续增大,当加载次数较大时内聚损伤贡献突出。试验涂装体系在22万次应力循环后附着损伤度最大为0.34,内聚损伤度最大为0.27,总损伤度达0.61,属于严重损伤。提出的损伤度模型及破坏分级方法与试验规律吻合良好,可应用于公路钢桥涂装层受动荷载作用下的寿命预测。     

Low-cycle fatigue assessment of offshore mooring chains under service loading

The integrity of mooring chains is essential to the safety of a range of offshore platforms. However, mooring line failures are occurring earlier than their design lives, with a high number of these failures occurring due to fatigue. Early in the fatigue life of the component fatigue initiation processes occur, where the fatigue hotspot is sensitive to the mean load and there is plastic strain accumulation from the multiaxial stress-strain responses of the material, leading to cyclic plastic damage accumulation. The traditional SN approach suggested by mooring standards does not consider these effects, and it is proposed that this lack of consideration under low-cycle fatigue conditions is the reason for the current non-conservative fatigue assessments of mooring chains. This paper aims to develop a fatigue approach based on a critical plane multiaxial fatigue criterion for mooring chains that can consider the damage-induced by the cyclic plasticity and the mean load effect, to investigate the importance of incorporating low-cycle fatigue into the mooring chain life prediction. To develop the critical plane approach, the multiaxial stress-strain states are extracted for the critical plane at the fatigue hotspot from a finite element model of a mooring chain. This is then correlated with a fatigue life prediction provided by conventional fatigue design data. It uses a simulation of an FPSO as a case study to demonstrate the importance of low cycle fatigue, which shows that the mean load effect is significant in reducing the fatigue life for mooring chain applications, while the effect of fatigue damage-induced cyclic plasticity is limited. The fatigue damage accumulation predicted by the critical plane approach is significantly higher than that of the traditional SN approach and should be accounted for in mooring line design.     

物流无人机对地风险评估方法研究

随着智能交通运输体系的完善和无人机应用场景的拓展，物流无人机应运而生。物流无人机被认为是解决快递配送“最后一公里”问题的有效运输方式，但由空中碰撞、系统失效等原因导致的无人机坠落有可能对地面人员造成伤害并产生经济损失。因此本文聚焦无人机物流运输场景，研究物流无人机坠地后造成的死亡人数和经济损失，并利用风险矩阵综合评估风险。主要内容包括：分析物流无人机空中碰撞后产生机货分离的情况，建立由物流无人机和货物坠地造成 的地面死亡人数计算模型；对无人机和货物进行分类，建立经济损失计算模型，包括由无人机和货物价值损失构成的直接经济损失，以及由社会服务机构费用消耗构成的间接经济损失；综合物 流无人机和货物坠地造成的地面死亡人数和经济损失建立风险评估矩阵。算例证明，利用本文方法得到的地面死亡人数为每飞行小时3.74×10-12~1.87×10-7人，符合等效安全水平；每次事故经济损失为6734.8~33619.0元，也在合理区间内。本文提供的方法可以对物流无人机地面风险评估和管控提供一定借鉴和指导意义。     

基于弹塑性分析的沥青面层破坏机理探究

采用数值仿真技术,利用美国宇航局大型数值模拟有限元软件MSC-NASTRAN,对半刚性基层沥青路面在汽车荷载下沥青面层结构自身的弹塑性响应状况进行了分析研究,对路面面层破坏机理提出了一些参考性意见。     

论桥下净空及梁板损坏的养护治理

针对高速公路桥下净空高度对梁板、地方车辆通行的影响,提出具体的养护措施,可供相关工程参考与借鉴。     

The effect of railway local irregularities on ground vibration

The environmental effects of ground-borne vibrations generated due to localised railway defects is a growing concern in urban areas. Frequency domain modelling approaches are well suited for predicting vibration levels on standard railway lines due to track periodicity. However, when considering individual, non-periodic, localised defects (e.g. a rail joint), frequency domain modelling becomes challenging. Therefore in this study, a previously validated, time domain, three-dimensional ground vibration prediction model is modified to analyse such defects. A range of different local (discontinuous) rail and wheel irregularity are mathematically modelled, including: rail joints, switches, crossings and wheel flats. Each is investigated using a sensitivity analysis, where defect size and vehicle speed is varied. To quantify the effect on railroad ground-borne vibration levels, a variety of exposure–response relationships are analysed, including: peak particle velocity, maximum weighted time-averaged velocity and weighted decibel velocity. It is shown that local irregularities cause a significant increase in vibration in comparison to a smooth track, and that the vibrations can propagate to greater distances from the line. Furthermore, the results show that step-down joints generate the highest levels of vibration, whereas wheel flats generate much lower levels. It is also found that defect size influences vibration levels, and larger defects cause greater vibration. Lastly, it is shown that for different defect types, train speed effects are complex, and may cause either an increase or decrease in vibration levels.     

Time domain approach for coupled cross-flow and in-line VIV induced fatigue damage of steel catenary riser at touchdown zone

Existing VIV prediction approaches for steel catenary riser (SCR) typically employ truncation model without considering the interaction between the SCR and soil, and only allow for cross-flow (CF) VIV. In this study, a time domain approach accounting for the SCR-soil interaction is proposed to predict the CF and in-line (IL) VIV induced fatigue damage of a SCR at touchdown zone (TDZ). The hydrodynamic force resulting from the vortex shedding is modeled using the forced oscillation test data of a rigid cylinder and an empirical damping model, which are defined as functions of the non-dimensional dominant frequency and amplitude of the SCR response. Due to the coupling effect, the IL VIV force is magnified based on the CF VIV amplitude. By combining a linear hysteretic interaction model with a trench shape model, some particular phenomena during the vertical SCR-soil interaction are captured and qualitatively discussed, while for the horizontal direction, the seabed is simplified as nonlinear spring model. Based on these models, parametric studies are conducted to broaden the understanding of the sensitivity of VIV induced fatigue damage to the seabed characteristic. The results indicate trench depth, vertical and lateral stiffness, and clay suction are significantly affect the VIV induced maximum fatigue damage at TDZ.     

公路桥面铺装早期破坏原因分析及治理方法研究

鉴于重型卡车的增多对公路桥面造成了较大的伤害,通过分析其破坏原因,并提出有效措施治理,从而避免桥面破坏的加剧.