基于某1.5tSUV排气热害分析

利用三维CFD流场分析软件与热辐射计算软件,分析排气系统对周边及机舱零部件的热辐射。首先对怠速、高速、低速爬坡三个工况进行稳态分析,并与实验数据进行对比。其次在稳态分析的基础上进行瞬态仿真,最后与实验数据进行对比。     

单壳船舷侧结构的碰撞分析

给出一种计算船体结构基本构件——梁、板耐撞性的简化分析方法,并将该方法应用于单壳船舷侧结构的碰撞分析。讨论了球鼻首撞击作用下单壳船舷侧结构的总体破坏模式及其渐进破坏过程,提出了计及渐进破坏过程的碰撞损伤简化计算方法。实例计算结果表明:该简化分析方法能对单壳船舷侧结构的耐撞性作出合理的预报,可应用于船舶设计阶段船体结构耐撞性能的评估。     

基于单元模态应变能法的桥梁结构损伤识别研究

桥梁结构损伤识别是对桥梁结构进行安全性评定的一个重要环节。本文首先根据桥梁结构损伤前后动力特性分析,导出由于单元损伤引起的结构模态振型的改变系数;然后,运用结构局部损伤因子法建立单元损伤敏感的指示因子,推导出单元损伤前后的单元模态应变能的变化,并对损伤单元与未损伤单元之间的关系进行了研究。最后,以单元模态应变能的变化率作为损伤定位的判别参数,对桥梁结构损伤定位的识别方法进行了研究,并以一座装配式预应力钢筋混凝土系杆拱桥作为工程实例,通过其在不同损伤情况下计算结果和实测结果的分析和讨论,说明该方法能够比较准确地对结构损伤进行定位识别,同时也证明本文研究方法的正确性和有效性。     

建筑排水系统内部的水流运动与室内环境关系的研究

研究目的:研究建筑排水系统内部水流和气流的运动规律,提出解决排水系统气体内溢的方法和措施。研究方法:结合对单一横支管排水,立管上端通大气,下端经排水横管排入直通大气的检查井的排水系统为实验室研究模型,分析建筑内部水流与气流运动引起的压力变化。研究结果:建筑排水系统内水流、气流的复杂运动会引起系统内压力的变化,而压力变化是引发排水系统气体内溢的关键。研究结论:建筑排水系统内水流和气流的运动,会引起排水系统内部压力的变化,而压力的变化是引起水封破坏,有害气体进入排水系统内部的根本原因。设置专用通气立管排水系统、排水管道的合理布置和敷设、选择高质量的卫生器具、合理采用排水管材和保证排水管道的施工质量、科学地使用排水系统,是解决居住建筑排水系统气体内溢的有效措施。     

我国船舶油污损害赔偿法律制度构想

随着船舶油污损害的加剧,我国正酝酿制订船舶油污损害赔偿专门立法。本文提出我国船舶油污损害赔偿立法应由四大基本制度构成,即适用范围制度、赔偿主体制度、赔偿范围制度、赔偿限制制度。     

信号系统车载设备的安全完整度及安全评估

文章系统地介绍了安全完整度的定义及实现过程,包括危险识别、风险分析、危险控制、安全完整度等级和安全完整度需求的分配和实现,并介绍了安全评估的基本要求和过程以及在信号系统车载设备的应用实例。     

A box model approach for a long-term assessment of estuarine eutrophication, Szczecin Lagoon, southern Baltic

We develop a layered “box model” to evaluate the major effects of estuarine eutrophication of the Szczecin lagoon which can be compared with integrating measures (chlorophyll a (Chl a), sediment burial, sediment oxygen consumption (SOC), input and output of total nutrient loads) and use it to hindcast the period 1950–1996 (the years when major increase in nutrient discharges by the Oder River took place). The following state variables are used to describe the cycling of the limiting nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus): phytoplankton (Phy), labile and refractory detritus (D_N, D_Nref, D_P, D_Pref), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), and oxygen (O₂). The three layers of the model include two water layers and one sediment layer. Decrease of the carrying capacity with respect to the increased supply of organic matter of the system with advancing eutrophication over the period studied is parameterized by an exponential decrease of the sediment nitrogen fluxes with increasing burial, simulating changing properties from moderate to high accumulating sediments. The seasonal variation as well as the order of magnitude of nutrient concentrations and phytoplankton stocks in the water column remains in agreement with recent observations. Calculated annual mean values of nutrient burial of 193 mmol N m⁻² a⁻¹ and 23 mmol P m⁻² a⁻¹ are supported by observed values from geological sediment records. Estimated DIN remineralization in the sediments between 100 and 550 mmol N m⁻² a⁻¹ corresponds to SOC measurements. Simulated DIP release up to 60 mmol P m⁻² a⁻¹ corresponds to recent measurements. The conceptual framework presented here can be used for a sequential box model approach connecting small estuaries like the Szczecin lagoon and the open sea, and might also be connected with river box models.     

Objectification of steering feel around straight-line driving for vehicle/tyre design

This paper presents the objectification techniques for the assessment of steering feel including {on-centre} feel and steering response by measurement data. Here, new objective parameters are developed by considering not only the process by which the steering feel is evaluated subjectively but also by the ergonomic perceptive sensitivity of the driver. In order to validate such objective parameters, subjective tests are carried out by professional drivers. Objective measurements are also performed for several cars at a proving ground. The linear correlation coefficients between the subjective ratings and the objective parameters are calculated. As one of new objective parameters, steering wheel angle defined by ergonomic perception sensitivity shows high correlation with the subjective questionnaires of on-center responses. Newly defined steering torque curvature also shows high correlation with the subjective questionnaires of on-center effort. These correlation results conclude that the subjective assessment of steering feel can be successfully explained and objectified by means of the suggested objective parameters.     

区域交通影响评价研究

通过阐述现行单体交通影响评价的弊端及其在我国的不适应性,以及城市规划体系本身存在的诸多问题和漏洞,推论我国大中城市开展区域交通影响评价的必要性、紧迫性,明确区域交通影响评价的定位,探究其基本架构,阐述其基本理论。以期为区域交通影响评价在我国的实施奠定基础。     

舰艇电力系统生命力评估中的图论分析法

用图论的思想建立舰船电力系统生命评估模型,将此模型应用于某舰艇损伤概率及生命力指标的计算,对比图论分析法和故障树分析法结果,认为图论分析法更科学实用。