损伤树在舰艇电力系统生命力评估中的应用

根据系统工程数学中的可靠性理论，提出了舰艇电力系统生命力的损伤树分析方法，建立了该系统的损伤树和生命力评估模型，并对其进行了详细的说明．为电力系统生命力的评估提出了一种实用简便的方法。通过对某舰电力系统生命力评估分析，提出了提高电力系统生命力的合理建议。     

42000吨散货船结构疲劳可靠性评估

本文从可靠性概念出发，对沪东造船厂建造的42000吨散货船甲板角隅结构疲劳强度进行安全评估。评估中考虑了疲劳数据的离散性、应力分析的误差以及波浪载荷的随机性等不确定因素，结果表明，该船甲板角隅的疲劳可靠性水平在0．98以上，即失效概率小于0．02，较好地反映了该船的实际情况。该评估方法也可用于集装箱船甲板大开口疲劳安全评估。选择合适的可靠性水平，保证角隅恰当的疲劳强度，避免角隅疲劳裂纹的产生，对集装箱船结构安全具有实际意义。     

LZ50钢材料试样与车辆实轴的概率疲劳极限

采用小子样升降法,完成了LZ50钢7.5mm光滑圆棒、9.5mm光滑圆棒、9.5mm缺口(Kt=4.728)圆棒和车辆实轴4种试样的旋转弯曲疲劳试验。疲劳极限数据分别用常规法和经完善的局部随机BasquinSN关系法获得。基于疲劳极限服从正态分布,分别给出了用上述2种方法获得的4种试样的概率疲劳极限测定结果。结果表明常规法估计的疲劳极限数据偏于危险,宜采用局部随机BasquinSN关系法获取。     

A state-of-the-art review on fatigue life prediction methods for metal structures

 Metals are the most widely used materials in engineering structures, and one of the most common failure modes of metal structures is fatigue failure. Although metal fatigue has been studied for more than 160 years, many problems still remain unsolved. In this article, a state-of-the-art review of metal fatigue is carried out, with particular emphasis on the latest developments in fatigue life prediction methods. All factors which affect the fatigue life of metal structures are grouped into four categories: material, structure, loading, and environment. The effects of these factors on fatigue behavior are also addressed. Finally, potential problems to be resolved in the near future are pointed out. Received: January 7, 2002 / Accepted: March 25, 2002     

试样极限塑性和船舶触礁模型试验校准计算

船舶碰撞与搁浅时的结构损伤是一个复杂的动态非线性过程。国际船舶与离岸结构会议碰撞与搁浅委员会（ISSC－V.3)组织其成员进行了两项专题研究：（1）材料极限塑性极限应变试验数据用于有限元模型计算时的尺度修正系数；（2）各种计算方法用于船舶搁浅（触礁）计算的准确性。介绍了作者承担上述两项研究的成果，给出了极限塑性极限应变的尺度修正系数的计算方法和结果，论证了非线性有限元显式积分方法及MSC／Dytran软件用于搁浅计算的准确性。     

沥青路面早期破坏与养护对策研究

本文主要介绍了沥青路面早期损害的类型及成因,根据国内外目前的研究成果,主要论述了具有代表性的路面破坏形式,包括裂缝、变形、表面损坏和水损坏几种破坏形式,并在此基础上,重点研究了在道路养护中预防性养护时机的确定方法,对指导路面的养护工作具有重要的实际意义。     

机车电容器CH84和CH69A的改进设计

针对机车主电路过压保护电容器CH84和CH69A承受谐波过电流能力差的弱点,对其进行了结构改进,使之能耐受各种谐波过电压和过电流,并克服了全部油浸式电容器渗漏油的缺点。     

海船结构的总纵强度可靠性分析

本文在研究船舶结构总纵度强度的外载荷和结构能力的概率模型的基础上,应用结构可靠性原理中的全概率法和改进的一阶二次矩法编制了计算程序。通过对5艘实船的计算,分析了这些船舶的实际安全水平,特别,根据ZC规范要求的最小强度的最大载荷作了可靠性分析,得出了这5艘船的最低安全水平。在改进的一阶二次矩法计算的基础上,给出一种与传统的确定性设计方法形式相似但比其更为精确的安全设计条件及其相应的强度减小因子和载荷放大因子计算方法,供结构直接设计强度校核所用。     

Impact of forcing errors in the CAMCAT oil spill forecasting system. A sensitivity study

The CAMCAT oil spill forecasting system is presented in this paper, and an evaluation of the impact of errors in the forcing fields over its forecasts is carried out. The system is formed by several independent modules which provide forecasts of winds, currents and waves to an oil spill module which predicts the evolution of the spill.The typical twin-experiments experience is used paying special attention to a realistic characterization of the errors when perturbing the forcing fields. The results suggest that errors in the wind and current fields are the main limiting factor for the quality of the oil spill forecasts. The pollutant identification is also crucial to determine the final vertical position and characteristics of the product.     

Collapse strength of hatch cover of bulk carrier subjected to lateral pressure load

A series of elastoplastic large deflection FEM analyses has been performed on hatch covers of bulk carriers subjected to lateral load. Two types of hatch covers are considered which are the folding type and the side-sliding type. For the folding-type cover, one size is considered which is for Handy size bulk carrier, whilst for the side-sliding-type cover, two sizes are considered which are for Panamax and Cape size bulk carriers. For each type, two hatch covers are selected which are designed in accordance with the old ICLL rule and new IACS rule, respectively. Calculated collapse strengths are compared with individual design loads, and a strength assessment is performed. On the basis of collapse behaviour observed in FEM analyses, a simple method is proposed to evaluate the collapse strength of a hatch cover subjected to lateral load. It is confirmed that the collapse strength is accurately predicted by the proposed method.