山区漫水桥梁水毁调查分析及重建设计

重点阐述在涞水县7.21灾后公路恢复重建中，对桥梁水毁状况的调查分析以及工程重建设计要点，可为相关工作提供借鉴。     

State estimation in roll dynamics for commercial vehicles

Accurate lateral load transfer estimation plays an important role in improving the performance of the active rollover prevention system equipped in commercial vehicles. This estimation depends on the accurate prediction of roll angles for both the sprung and the unsprung subsystems. This paper proposes a novel computational method for roll-angle estimation in commercial vehicles employing sensors which are already used in a vehicle dynamic control system without additional expensive measurement units. The estimation strategy integrates two blocks. The first block contains a sliding-mode observer which is responsible for calculating the lateral tyre forces, while in the second block, the Kalman filter estimates the roll angles of the sprung mass and those of axles in the truck. The validation is conducted through MATLAB/TruckSim co-simulation. Based on the comparison between the estimated results and the simulation results from TruckSim, it can be concluded that the proposed estimation method has a promising tracking performance with low computational cost and high convergence speed. This approach enables a low-cost solution for the rollover prevention in commercial vehicles.     

Design of tyre force excitation for tyre–road friction estimation

Knowledge of the current tyre–road friction coefficient is essential for future autonomous vehicles. The environmental conditions, and the tyre–road friction in particular, determine both the braking distance and the maximum cornering velocity and thus set the boundaries for the vehicle. Tyre–road friction is difficult to estimate during normal driving due to low levels of tyre force excitation. This problem can be solved by using active tyre force excitation. A torque is added to one or several wheels in the purpose of estimating the tyre–road friction coefficient. Active tyre force excitation provides the opportunity to design the tyre force excitation freely. This study investigates how the tyre force should be applied to minimise the error of the tyre–road friction estimate. The performance of different excitation strategies was found to be dependent on both tyre model choice and noise level. Furthermore, the advantage with using tyre models with more parameters decreased when noise was added to the force and slip ratio.     

基于发动机台架考核方法的气缸盖高周疲劳特性研究

依据发动机台架考核规范,运用疲劳强度理论,对某铸铁气缸盖进行高周疲劳强度评估。明确温度和应力随考核工况改变的变化行为,研究气缸盖各区域受工作载荷的影响状况,为缸盖寿命评估模型提供载荷边界。结合疲劳理论,在考虑材料修正的基础上进行了疲劳特性分析和损伤状况分析。分析表明,气缸盖各区域的疲劳安全系数均大于1,视为安全,但冷却钻孔区域的安全裕度较小。     

沥青桥面铺装早期破坏原因分析

从设计、施工、外部原因等方面分析沥青桥面铺装早期破坏原因及其相应防治措施。     

Role of candesartan against cerebral ischemia and oxidative damage in normotensive rats

Objective Angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ ) contributes to modulating blood pressure by stimulation of Ang Ⅱ AT1 receptors. We devised a rat transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model to assess whether oxidative damage is decreased after pretreatment with Angiotensin Ⅱ AT1 receptor blocker (ARB). Methods After 2 weeks pretreatment with ARB 0. 5 and 1 mg/kg, the male Wister rats were subjected to 2 h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). At 24 h, the lumen diameter of middle cerebral artery, the plasma level of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and HIF-1 a levels were recorded and compared. Results After pretrcatment with ARB 0.5 and 1 mg/kg, blood pressure did not significantly change compared with that of controls. In the group of candesartan at 1 mg/(kg· day), the lumen diameter was significantly increased compared to that in control group [(86.0±5.0) μm vs. (69.0± 2.1) μm; P<0. 01, n = 6- 8]. The plasma 8-OHdG levels of ARB pretreatment groups were decreased. In immunohistochemical findings, 8-OHdG- and HIF-1α-containing cells in ARB pretreatment groups were decreased. Conclusion Brain ischemia and oxidative damage can be reversed by AT1 receptor blockade in normotensive rats after transient cerebral artery occlusion.     

机动车交通流比功率与能耗模型研究

为研究机动车交通流能耗,将机动车交通流比功率(VSP)作为研究对象.从最常见的单车比功率研究出发,使用气体动力学交通流模型联系单车比功率与交通流整体比功率,以此建立交通流比功率模型.为使此模型具备更显著的物理意义,将交通流比功率分为两部分,一部分为平衡交通流状态下的比功率,另一部分为偏离平衡交通流状态导致的比功率变化量,模型中的交通流参数与变量能够通过现有的交通流探测设备获取.将比功率理论模型从单车扩展到了交通流,用数学公式反应了交通流状态与比功率的关系,并且证明了交通流比功率能够通过交通流参数进行估计.并由交通流比功率出发,推导出交通流比功公式.此外研究了平衡态交通流比功率及比功与密度的关系.为研究机动车交通流能耗探索了新的思路.     

城市交通状态的空间依赖性和异质性分析

有关城市交通状态空间特征的研究相对匮乏。从空间角度分析城市宏观交通特征,首先,针对城市路网几何形态和交通数据的关系提出适合于城市交通数据分析的空间模型。然后,以从长期的浮动车数据中提取的路段行程速度作为描述交通状态的实验数据,分别采用空间自相关和核密度估计法定量分析路网行程速度的空间依赖性和空间异质性,并分析其在典型时段的空间分布特征。结果显示:城市交通状态的关联性在空间上随着路段间距的增长而衰减;城市交通状态的空间分布特征随时间变化,受路网结构和区域功能的影响在空间中呈现集聚特征。     

船舶搁浅于台型礁石场景极限强度解析预报方法

针对双层底油轮搁浅于台型礁石的事故场景,通过对船底构件结构损伤机理的分析,提出一套结合船底结构损伤程度推算方法和Smith方法,评估损伤后船体剩余极限强度的解析计算预报方法。研究中应用数值仿真技术,模拟了船舶搁浅过程中的结构损伤及搁浅后船体极限承载过程,并与解析预报方法的结果进行了对比。结果表明,文中提出的对搁浅损伤后船舶剩余强度的解析预报方法准确性较好,对船舶双层底耐撞性结构设计和安全性评估都有一定的指导意义。