几种典型的地铁减振浮置轨道的对比分析

针对目前国内地铁工程所用到的钢弹簧浮置板、减振垫浮置板、橡胶隔振器浮置板、浮置式梯形轨枕等不同浮置轨道技术,在按重量级别、隔振元件、浮置板浇注方式及浮置板是否设预应力等不同方式进行分类的基础上对比分析各自不同的技术特点,可为不同工程条件下的正确选型提供参考。提出理论及实际减振效果的差异性、减振与降噪效果的区别、典型不利工程条件的适应性以及综合造价的核算等浮置轨道选型及设计应用的要点和建议,并探讨未来运营线浮置轨道的高效检查维修技术,以及设计速度≥140 km/h线路浮置轨道系统设计及安全可靠性保障技术等后续发展方向。     

CRTSⅠ型轨道板中部砂浆离缝对轨道竖向变形与受力研究

以CRTSⅠ型轨道板中部砂浆离缝为研究内容,采用有限单元法,建立该型轨道结构的弹性地基梁-板模型,分析不同长度和高度的离缝对轨道竖向位移及应力变化情况,结果表明:离缝长度变化较高度变化对轨道结构的竖向变形及应力影响要大;离缝长度在1个扣件间距(0.6 m)范围内时,长度一定,高度的变化对轨道结构的变形及受力几乎没有影响;离缝长度不大于1 m时,高度大于0.42 mm后,离缝区域轨道板处于完全脱空状态。建议在对板中离缝进行养护维修时,应将防止离缝长度的发展作为主要工作,并将轨道板应力作为衡量离缝对轨道板影响的主要指标。     

阻尼材料在铁道客车减振降噪中的应用研究

近年来阻尼减振降噪技术得到了迅速的发展，利用阻尼材料的特性以及阻尼结构的合理设计，达到良好的减振降噪目的。常用的阻尼材料主要为高分子黏弹性阻尼材料。对阻尼材料及其特性进行了简单的分析，对铁道车辆用减振降噪阻尼材料进行了综述和分析，讨论了阻尼材料在铁路客车上的应用。     

GJ-Ⅲ减振扣件轨道对轨道交通高架段环境噪声的影响分析

为了研究不同形式减振轨道对降低地铁线路高架段环境噪声效果,以国内某地铁高架桥段周边环境噪声为研究对象,分别对列车以110 km/h通过该高架段2种不同轨道时诱发的噪声水平进行测试分析,然后改变原有评价方式,通过引入更符合人耳听觉的响度分析方式对噪声水平进行综合评价,并对比分析两种轨道形式的噪声水平,提出改进思路。结果表明:(1)相比DZⅢ-1型普通减振扣件轨道,GJ-Ⅲ型中等减振扣件轨道除在桥中央线测点处有一定降噪效果外,在其他测点处降噪效果并不明显;(2)通过响度分析发现,GJ-Ⅲ型中等减振扣件可能还会增大人耳对环境噪声的感知情况。     

双曲面球型减隔震支座在潮漳高速公路韩江特大桥上的应用

广东韩江特大桥为超长多跨连续梁桥,场址地震烈度较高,抗震设计对结构体系方案的影响较大。从抗震设计的角度对韩江特大桥的结构体系设计进行了比选,对双曲面球型减隔震支座的减震效果进行了计算分析,并介绍了速度锁定器支座的应用,以期为同类桥梁的减隔震设计提供借鉴。     

Higher-order boundary element method for the interaction of a floating body with both waves and slow current

A hybrid boundary element method is suggested to solve the problem of the interaction of floating structures with both waves and slow current. A pulsating source and its mirror image referring to the sea bottom are adopted as the Green's function. The velocity potentials are expanded into an eigenfunction expansion in the outer region of the fluid domain while higher order elements are used to discretize the boundary surface surrounding the inner region. The method is validated by comparing calculated results for a circular cylinder with the semi-analytical solutions. The method is then applied to ellipsoids of various breadth and draft to investigate the influence of body shape on the wave drift damping.     

Pareto optimisation of railway bogie suspension damping to enhance safety and comfort

This paper presents the optimisation of damping characteristics in bogie suspensions using a multi-objective optimisation methodology. The damping is investigated and optimised in terms of the resulting performances of a railway vehicle with respect to safety, comfort and wear considerations. A complete multi-body system model describing the railway vehicle dynamics is implemented in commercial software Gensys and used in the optimisation. In complementary optimisation analyses, a reduced and linearised model describing the bogie system dynamics is also utilised. Pareto fronts with respect to safety, comfort and wear objectives are obtained, showing the trade-off behaviour between the objectives. Such trade-off curves are of importance, especially in the design of damping functional components. The results demonstrate that the developed methodology can successfully be used for multi-objective investigations of a railway vehicle within models of different levels of complexity. By introducing optimised passive damping elements in the bogie suspensions, both safety and comfort are improved. In particular, it is noted that the use of optimised passive damping elements can allow for higher train speeds. Finally, adaptive strategies for switching damping parameters with respect to different ride conditions are outlined and discussed.     

船舶振动及减振技术的应用分析

本文重点介绍黄船公司在建产品8000kW海洋救助船和小水线面双体船的振动情况，对震动产生的机理进行了详细的分析，并采取了有效的工艺措施，达到减震降噪的目的。     

A new method of identification of equivalent suspension and damping rates of full-vehicle model

ABSTRACT

The equivalent spring and damper are often used to simplify the dynamic analysis of a nonlinear full-vehicle model. Clearly, those rates are strongly influenced by the kinematics of a suspension mechanism. This paper presents a new approach to the identification of the equivalent suspension and damping rates. The suspension is considered as a 1-degree-of-freedom (DOF) spatial parallel mechanism. The instantaneous kinestatic relations of the 1-DOF spatial parallel mechanism can be described using the theory of screws. The process of identification of the rates involves three steps: first, the joint positions of the suspension are found from the displacement analysis of the suspension mechanism. Second, the motion of each wheel of four suspension mechanisms is represented by the corresponding instantaneous screw at any instant. Third, the equivalent suspension and damping rates are determined from the kinestatic relations of the instantaneous screw. These rates are used for the dynamic analysis of the nonlinear full-vehicle model consisting of two pairs of the front (double-wishbone) and rear (multi-link) suspensions. Two dynamic behaviours of a car are analysed and compared with the simulation utilising the Adams/View software.     

Experimental evaluation of modally distributed damping in heavy vehicles

This work presents theory as well as implementation of a modally distributed damping system with electronically controlled variable dampers. The presented approach follows from estimation of vehicle modal motions, through calculation of desirable modal damping forces to distribution of forces on the utilised dampers. The response time of the damping system is first evaluated in a damper test rig. The damping system is then implemented on a 4×2 tractor that is connected to a semi-trailer. Several road tests are performed to investigate how the system work under real driving conditions on a real vehicle, that includes nonlinearities and chassis frame flexibility that are theoretically unaccounted for, together with the limitations that comes with the control algorithm implementation. It is shown that the approach works and that it results in a considerable improvement for both the bounce and pitch modes, i.e. the system enables selecting damping for the sprung mass modes separately.