大跨度隧道施工爆破地震波监测及减震措施

通过爆破振动测试,分析和掌握爆破地震波的特征、传播规律以及对建筑物的影响、破坏机理等,以防止和减少对建筑物的破坏,从而最有效控制爆侧地震波的危害。确定回归预报参数,改善爆破震动预测模型,根据量测结果及时调整爆破参数和施工方法,指导爆破安全作业,从而有效地控制爆破地震效应,给因爆破引起的民事纠纷以科学的判断依据。     

相关分析在结构阻尼比时域衰减法测量中的应用

如何准确地测量结构阻尼比,特别是在高频段模态密集区的结构阻尼比一直是一个悬而未决的问题,传统的频域半功率带宽法和时域衰减法由于各自的局限性而无法得到理想的结果。文中将相关分析应用于时域衰减法测量结构阻尼比的数据处理中,通过仿真计算,成功地将激励频率下的结构振动响应从混合有噪声和其它干扰频率成份的测量信号中提取出来,并准确地计算出激励频率下的结构阻尼比。该方法可应用于结构阻尼比的时域衰减法测量中。     

E-2100高级隔热阻尼胶在客车上的应用及与聚氨酯发泡的对比

简要介绍E-2100高级隔热阻尼胶的性能和施工工艺,重点介绍其与聚氨酯发泡作为客车隔热减振材料时的性能对比。     

黏弹阻尼道床阻尼厚度对隧道及地表振动衰减特性的模拟研究

为探究黏弹阻尼道床阻尼厚度对隧道及地表振动衰减特性的影响,为工程设计提供理论支持。利用ANSYS建立土体-隧道-道床平面有限元模型,分析在5～25 Hz频率荷载的作用下,整体道床和黏弹阻尼道床在隧道结构中的振动响应,并分析这两种道床下地表距离隧道中心线不同距离的振动加速度的衰减特性。结果表明:荷载频率小于10 Hz时,在地表距离隧道中心25 m左右,振动有明显的放大区域;荷载频率为10～20 Hz,振动加速度随道床阻尼层厚度降低,阻尼层越厚振动衰减越明显;随着黏弹阻尼道床阻尼层厚度增加,隧道衬砌底部振动加速度有效值依次降低,隧道壁竖直方向振动衰减更加明显,阻尼层每增加2 mm,振级降低1～4 d B。     

CFD Simulations of Oscillating Flow around Solid and Perforated Plates

Damping plates have been used for truss spars in gulf of Mexico to reduce the heave motions. The plates are usually perforated with holes for the passage of marine risers, but the effects of the perforation have not been examined thoroughly. In the present study, a computational fluid dynamics investigation into the hydrodynamic forces is carried out by using FLUENT, which is on two-dimensional perforated plates with varying degrees of perforation in oscillating flow under small Keulegan-Carpenter (KC) number. The numerical results of the hydrodynamic coefficients are presented. The effects of both the perforation ratio (PR) and KC number on the hydrodynamic coefficients of the plates are discussed. Some results of the simulated flow patterns around the plates were also given and discussed.     

基础隔震结构考虑摆动的地震响应分析

上部结构层间刚度相对较小、垂直荷载也较大的多层框架结构,其所采用的多层橡胶垫的橡胶总厚度较大,可能产生明显的竖向变形,因而导致结构摆动.对基础隔震体系进行了平摆动结构模型分析,推导了在地震作用下结构平摆动的运动方程,采用Matlab编程进行计算机仿真分析.研究结果表明,结构考虑摆动时顶层位移反应与不考虑摆动时相差较大;结构底板转动刚度和隔震层阻尼对基础隔震结构地震响应有明显影响.     

曲线地段梯形轨枕布置计算研究

阐述梯形轨枕在设有超高的曲线地段平面布置的计算方法,以及曲线地段超高的实现方法.采用数值方法,编制计算程序,实现任意半径、任意缓和曲线长度曲线上梯形轨枕布置的计算,简化梯形轨枕的设计.     

Application of dual reciprocity boundary element method to predict acoustic attenuation characteristics of marine engine exhaust silencers

In marine engine exhaust silencing systems, the presence of exhaust gas flow influences the sound propagation inside the systems and the acoustic attenuation performance of silencers. In order to investigate the effects of three-dimensional gas flow and acoustic damping on the acoustic attenuation characteristics of marine engine exhaust silencers, a dual reciprocity boundary element method （DRBEM） was developed. The acoustic governing equation in three-dimensional potential flow was derived first, and then the DRBEM numerical procedure is given. Compared to the conventional boundary element method （CBEM）, the DRBEM considers the second order terms of flow Mach number in the acoustic governing equation, so it is suitable for the cases with higher Mach number subsonic flow. For complex exhaust silencers, it is difficult to apply the single-domain boundary element method, so a substructure approach based on the dual reciprocity boundary element method is presented. The experiments for measuring transmission loss of silencers are conducted, and the experimental setup and measurements are explained. The transmission loss of a single expansion chamber silencer with extended inlet and outlet were predicted by DRBEM and compared with the measurements. The good agreements between predictions and measurements are observed, which demonstrated that the derived acoustic governing equation and the DRBEM numerical procedure in the present study are correct.     

上盖开发车辆段库内轨道高等级减振扣件研发及应用

针对地铁上盖物业开发车辆段库内线对高等级减振产品的迫切需求,在既有成熟减振扣件结构的基础上,开展库内用高等级减振扣件的研发。研究重点为:采用多重弹性层形成串联结构,以获得低刚度,进而实现高减振性能,保证橡胶垫板超低刚度条件下轨道的稳定性和安全性,并创新性地采用了独立的支撑柱与尼龙套等部件配合,实现了弹性垫层的变形控制以及预组装。相较于道床减振措施,可大幅降低工程投资,且便于施工及养护维修。通过理论分析、室内试验和在线测试验证,该扣件的减振效果可达8 dB以上,满足研究预期目标。     

Fatigue analysis of water intake risers: Hydrodynamic damping effect and a hybrid frequency-time domain method

The fatigue performance is key to the design of water intake risers (WIRs), which is a novel concept used to convey cooling water for liquefaction of natural gas at sea. To estimate the fatigue life, it is crucial to accurately predict the response amplitude of the WIRs, which is dominated by hydrodynamic damping. In operational conditions, the motion amplitudes of WIRs are usually smaller than their diameter, and thus leading to a flow regime of KC < 5. It is found in this flow regime; the hydrodynamic damping largely depends on the motion magnitude of the risers. To consider this coupling effect, a hybrid frequency-time domain fatigue analysis method is proposed, where a nonlinear stress transfer function is adopted. The hybrid method accounts for the coupling effect between the hydrodynamic damping and the structural motion. Significantly reducing the computational cost, this method provides results as accurate as that from a time domain analysis based on the relative velocity model with a constant drag coefficient. Furthermore, recommendations for further simplification of the fatigue analysis recognizing the coupling effect are given.