优化方法在舰船抗沉决策系统中的应用研究

为了及时有效地抗沉,构建了以模型库系统为主,数据库系统和人机交互系统并重的辅助抗沉决策系统.其中模型库系统分别由装载计算模型、不沉性计算模型和抗沉方案优化模型三个子系统组成.着重研究了用于舰船破损情况下辅助决策的优化模型.以可用抗沉舱的装载量为设计变量,以最小干舷为目标函数,以限制横倾角和纵倾值为约束条件,采用非线性规划法中的惩罚函数法求解优化模型,生成最佳抗沉方案.研究了初稳性高为正值时的优化抗沉方案.通过实例计算,并将计算结果和采用遗传算法的结果相比较,证实了该优化方法用于抗沉操作的可行性.     

基于概率风险评估的舰船装备研制风险分析与决策

随着数字化造船技术的发展,在舰船装备研制过程中,对定量风险分析的需求越来越强烈。针对我国舰船装备系统复杂、研制周期长的特点,本文提出了一种基于全寿命周期数据管理（PLM/PDM）系统的风险管理和决策支持系统。并结合概率风险分析方法与定性风险分析方法在船舶系统应用的特点,在风险数据收集、风险模型和风险知识库建立及完善等几个方面进行了深入分析。     

一种基于多属性决策的防空阵地选择排序方法

针对防空阵地选择排序定量研究方法较少的现状,提出了一种基于OWA算子的离差最大化区间数多属性决策方法,对防空阵地选择问题进行建模分析,结合具体算例对所建模型进行了验证。     

The changing role of decision support instruments in integrated infrastructure planning: lessons from the Sustainability Check

This article draws lessons about recent innovations in decision support for coping with challenges in integrated infrastructure planning strategies. After setting up a conceptual framework for the scope of analysis and the use of information in infrastructure planning, the empirical section explores the introduction of early-stage sustainability assessment tools. Data collection draws on experiences gained in the Netherlands with a new tool: ‘Sustainability Check’. We conclude that such instruments have a number of capacities that address the challenges of area-oriented planning: (a) bringing together information about the comprehensive value of alternatives, (b) facilitating the generation of alternatives, (c) addressing institutional fragmentation by learning about referential frames, and (d) adding contextual perspectives to the ‘hard’ outcomes of conventional tools. We also conclude that tools such as Sustainability Check should not be seen as a replacement for conventional decision support tools, but rather as complementary to them.     

Adaptation Pathways in Coastal Case Studies: Lessons Learned and Future Directions

Climate change adaptation presents a difficult challenge for coastal towns around the world, forcing local governments to plan for sea level rise in a contentious decision-making space. The concept of “adaptation pathways,” a diagnostic and analytical tool to assist in adaptive planning and decision-making, is gaining traction as a way of framing and informing climate adaptation. It provides decisionmakers a way to acknowledge the inter-temporal complexities and uncertainties associated with the novel dynamics of climate change and a mechanism to manage these challenges in the local context. In 2012, the Australian Government funded an 18-month program to provide decisionmakers in the coastal zone an opportunity to test the utility of the adaptation pathways concept for coastal climate adaptation. Using a selection of completed projects as case studies, we performed a document analysis to better understand the learnings from the projects. The main themes surrounded: (1) the utility of the adaptation pathway framework in developing options, (2) decision-making rationale and criteria, and (3) stakeholder participation in pathway development. A project participant survey was developed to further understand these themes. Our analysis reveals that “adaptation pathways” was generally framed narrowly and conservatively to emphasize extant economic, administrative and legal considerations over community, participatory, or exploratory ones. Although some case study projects were able to reach a point in the pathway discussion to actively involve stakeholders in their decision-making process, many case studies continued to build technical data as a method for defending policies and actions. These results indicate that coastal adaptation can take-up adaptation pathways as a useful concept for decision-making and planning; however, many councils may still require assistance in stakeholder communication processes in order to develop sociallyacceptable plans that take into account the full range of values affecting local coastal environments.     

Bridging the gap between multi-objective optimization and spatial planning: a new post-processing methodology capturing the optimum allocation of land uses against established transportation infrastructure

The optimal allocation of multiple land uses constitutes a complex multi-objective optimization problem with unknown feasible objective space and optimal planning alternatives. Despite the effectiveness of evolutionary algorithms to capture the underlying Pareto set of optimum maps, land use planners are bound to pursue the best possible spatial allocation of each use within an enormous population of non-dominated solutions. This article presents a novel post-processing methodology enhancing the comparative evaluation of alternative planning approaches without making any assumptions about the (relative) importance of each objective function. The proposed consolidated post-processing module is applied in a land use planning paradigm, revealing: (a) the existence of substantial planning guidelines whose validity is not affected by the relative significance of each criterion and (b) the variable planning component emerging from the (varying) relative importance of objective functions. Such planning feedback could not be extracted by the exhaustive review of non-dominated maps.     

技术站调度决策支持系统的研究--到发线的合理使用

建立了一个计算机编制到发线运用计划的二次０－１规划模型,并将该模型化解为两个简单的０－１规划模型,简化了求解难度,提高了求解效率。     

行政组织管理效率评价模型

本文通过付组织效能指标体系的建立与量化,引用系统评价理论中的 DEA方法,提出了一个行政组织效率评价模型。对行政组织的工作给 出了客观的量化评价,为上级领导部门作出正确的决策提供服务。      

Analytic hierarchy process application in selecting the mode of transport for a logistics company

As a multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) method, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has been used considerably to solve hierarchical or network‐based decision problems in socio‐economic fields. Following an in‐depth explanation of the transport function in logistics and an overview of the MCDM methods, the AHP model is employed in the paper for a logistics company in selecting the most suitable way of transportation between two given locations in Turkey. The criteria used in the selection of transportation modes are identified as the cost, speed, safety, accessibility, reliability, environmental friendliness, and flexibility. Several cost parameters (transportation, storage, handling, bosphorus crossover) are incorporated into the decision‐making process. The application is carried out in instructional character. The results of the study indicate that the railway transportation, which is not widely used in Turkey, is also an alternative and suitable means of transportation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

运营期公路边坡养护决策多层次分析方法研究

针对现有公路边坡养护指南中边坡安全状况分级标准模糊的特点,为科学制定边坡养护对策,提高运营期公路边坡养护质量,根据运营期公路边坡特点,在考虑了指标体系全面性、科学性和可操作性的基础上,建立了包含13项评价因子和4类分项评价对象的边坡安全性多层次评价模型,利用改进多层次分析方法确定了各层级评价指标的权重矩阵.改进多层次分...