国际合作趋势下的援潜救生决策体系研究

潜艇失事后,及时、快速和有效地实施救援十分重要,援潜救生越来越依赖于国际间的相互协作,国际合作影响因素众多。论文在分析影响潜艇救生的主要因素的基础上,构建了影响援潜救生决策的指标体系,研究适用于援潜救生的宏观决策方法,并建立宏观决策模型,并用案例具体论述了援潜救生决策模型的应用方法,验证了模型的实用性,该模型的分析结果可为援潜救生国际合作的相关问题决策提供参考。     

基于语言变量和熵权的公路软基处理方案模糊物元决策分析法

为解决公路软基处理方案优选的决策问题,针对软基处理方案优选决策多属性、确定性与不确定性共存的特点,在分析了目前公路软基处理方案优选决策中存在的不足后,以评价指标体系的建立为基础,建立了基于语言变量和熵权的模糊物元决策分析方法：首先确定了基于语言变量的评价集,引入模糊数描述语言变量;采用熵权与决策者的主观权重相结合的方法确定评价指标的综合权重;在模糊物元分析原理的基础上,用方案的各项评价指标及其相应的模糊量值构造复合模糊物元,通过计算与标准模糊物元之间的海明贴近度来实现方案的排序与择优,以此确定最佳软基处理方案。研究结果表明：该决策方法综合考虑了公路软基处理方案优选时经济、技术和环境等因素的影响,通过模糊物元分析为处理评价指标值精确数与模糊数并存的决策问题提供了一条可行路径。最后实例研究证明了该方法应用于公路软基处理方案优选的有效性和可行性。     

基于深度强化学习与风险矫正的智能车辆决策研究

为实现高速公路环境下车辆的安全决策，提出一种结合深度强化学习和风险矫正方法的行为决策模型。构建决策模型所需的目标车辆及周围车辆的行驶信息，并引入自注意力安全机制，提高车辆在复杂高速场景下对周围潜在危险车辆的注意力，综合考虑行车效率、避障等因素以设计强化学习的奖励函数。此外，为解决强化学习在决策过程中缺乏安全性保障的问题，设计风险矫正模块对决策动作进行风险评估和矫正，避免危险决策的执行。在Highway-env仿真平台上对提出的决策模型进行训练和测试。试验结果表明，提出的决策模型有较高的行车安全率和鲁棒性，其驾驶效率也优于以规则、模仿学习和单纯深度强化学习为基础的决策方法。     

基于邻域搜索的黄骅港煤炭堆场自动化卸车方案

现代煤炭码头对港口整体调度的服务水平与效率性要求不断提高。针对黄骅港煤炭堆场存在的卸车方案人工决策时间长、作业冲突和列车在港时间过长等问题，对黄骅港煤炭堆场卸车自动决策方法进行研究。通过考虑列车可拆分特征和设备流程串唯一性特征，以最小化列车等待时间和最大化匹配得分为目标，提出一种带有邻域搜索策略的新型解决方案，并通过邻域搜索策略提升算法的搜索效率。结果表明，新型解决方案的决策时间短于1 min,且其结果优于人工决策方案。     

Seabed collision emergency decision-making of AUV based on safety domain model北大核心CSCD

［Objectives］To ensure safety and prevent seabed collisions in complex unknown underwater environments, this study proposes a seabed safety domain model and tiered emergency response strategies. ［Methods］A vertical motion simulation model is established and verified by surpassing the test results, then used to calculate the active and passive safety domain distance of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), thereby establishing a seabed safety domain model. An AUV emergency control system and emergency strategies are then built on the basis of the dynamic safety domain model. The trim and distance from the seabed of the AUV are used to calculate the current and future risk factors. Based on the weighted sum, the comprehensive risk factor is employed to provide the AUV with emergency response strategies.［Results］Lake tests with the AUV sailing at a fixed depth and height show a strong dependency of the comprehensive risk coefficient on seabed height when it is close to the boundary of the AUV's active safety domain. In the opposite case, there is a weak dependency of the comprehensive risk coefficient on seabed height. The results show that the proposed AUV emergency control system can reduce emergency false alarms caused by frequently changing riverbed heights and sailing altitudes close to the seabed. In such cases, reasonable emergency strategies can be realized under complex rough terrain.［Conclusions］The AUV seabed safety domain model and tiered emergency response strategies based on vertical motion equations proposed herein can be applied to evaluate seabed collision risk in various cases. Finally, this paper provides emergency response strategies to avoid seabed collision accidents, which can enhance the safety of AUV navigation. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Ship Research. All rights reserved.