Experimental study on seismic vibration control of an offshore wind turbine with TMD considering soil liquefaction effect

Wind energy is clean and sustainable. Taiwan is establishing offshore wind farms using wind turbines in the Taiwan Strait. However, these are located in an earthquake-prone area with sandy seabed conditions. To ensure their safety and reliability, the turbines’ support structure must be protected against wind, waves, and seismic loads. Tuned mass dampers (TMDs) are commonly employed to reduce structural vibrations. A TMD is more simply incorporated into turbine structures than are other energy dissipation devices. In this study, a 1:25-scale test model with a TMD was constructed and subjected to shaking table tests to experimentally simulate the dynamic behavior of a typical 5-MW wind turbine with a jacket-type support structure and pile foundation. The scaled-down wind turbine model has a nacelle without rotating blades; therefore, the aerodynamic and rotational effects due to the rotating blades were ignored in this study. A large laminar shear box filled with saturated sandy ground was used to simulate the typical seabed conditions of Taiwanese offshore wind farms. The TMD system was designed to be tuned the first-mode frequency of the test model. Two ground accelerations, selected by considering wind farm site condition and near-fault characteristics, were used for excitation in the test. The responses of the test model with and without the TMD system were compared, and the influence of soil liquefaction on the effectiveness of TMD vibration control was addressed.     

某型汽轮机超速脱扣试验浅析

某型汽轮机的超速保护装置采用脱扣结构,文章针对该汽轮机的超速脱扣结构进行分析,总结此种超速脱扣装置的装配要求和试验方法,以利于该型汽轮机的生产。     

45#钢大厚度结构的焊接工艺

对中碳钢大厚度结构的焊接工艺流程的每个步骤都做了详尽的技术说明,通过对结构以及母材的可焊性分析,制定合理的焊接工艺措施,取得了满意的效果,可为类似的焊接作业提供借鉴。     

大型汽车滚装船固定坡道结构分析及优化

针对某大型汽车滚装船在运营过程中一坡道发生较严重裂纹的问题,利用MSC.Patran软件对坡道结构进行细化有限元分析,计算歪斜工况下的屈服强度,分析应力分布情况并对应力不满足的结构进行改进,裂纹发生的位置与细化有限元分析结果一致,表明对汽车滚装船所有坡道结构做细化有限元分析十分必要.     

基于48000载重吨教学实习船的动力学结构优化

本文以48000载重吨教学实习船为研究对象,采用通用有限元软件MSC.Patran/Nastran进行全船频响分析.全船有限元计算条件要求极高,而一般情况下又存在各种资料的限制或实验数据的缺失,因而会使得计算精度较低.本文介绍利用基本的设计资料的条件下,从模态参与系数角度结合模态振型提出一种新的动力学结构优化思路,并进行计算分析以验证该方法的可行性与准确性,为全船有限元振动分析提供新的研究思路.     

围区吹填造地新型竹隔堤结构稳定性计算

采用竹结构替代传统的抛石与袋装砂堤,作为围区吹填分区隔堤是一个新的设计思路。为了解该新型隔堤挡土结构在土压作用下的整体安全稳定性与合理的结构尺度,基于浙江省台州东部新区涂面整理工程环湖护岸竹结构外部建设条件,分析影响其整体安全稳定性的因素,采用湖内蓄水平衡土压力的方法,进而运用有限元分析软件PLAXIS计算竹隔堤两侧不同水位差与竹隔堤结构不同跨数组合方案时竹隔堤整体稳定性。     

Evolution of latent modal captivity and mode choice patterns for commuting trips: A longitudinal analysis using repeated cross-sectional datasets

This paper presents an investigation of the temporal evolution of commuting mode choice preference structures. It contributes to two specific modelling issues: latent modal captivity and working with multiple repeated crossectional datasets. In this paper latent modal captivity refers to captive reliance on a specific mode rather than all feasible modes. Three household travel survey datasets collected in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA) over a ten-year time period are used for empirical modelling. Datasets collected in different years are pooled and separate year-specific scale parameters and coefficients of key variables are estimated for different years. The empirical model clearly explains that there have been significant changes in latent modal captivity and the mode choice preference structures for commuting in the GTHA. Changes have occurred in the unexplained component of latent captivities, in transportation cost perceptions, and in the scales of commuting mode choice preferences. The empirical model also demonstrates that pooling multiple repeated cross-sectional datasets is an efficient way of capturing behavioural changes over time. Application of the proposed mode choice model for practical policy analysis and forecasting will ensure accurate forecasting and an enhanced understanding of policy impacts.     

Spatiotemporal traffic forecasting: review and proposed directions

This paper systematically reviews studies that forecast short-term traffic conditions using spatial dependence between links. We extract and synthesise 130 research papers, considering two perspectives: (1) methodological framework and (2) methods for capturing spatial information. Spatial information boosts the accuracy of prediction, particularly in congested traffic regimes and for longer horizons. Machine learning methods, which have attracted more attention in recent years, outperform the naïve statistical methods such as historical average and exponential smoothing. However, there is no guarantee of superiority when machine learning methods are compared with advanced statistical methods such as spatiotemporal autoregressive integrated moving average. As for the spatial dependency detection, a large gulf exists between the realistic spatial dependence of traffic links on a real network and the studied networks as follows: (1) studies capture spatial dependency of either adjacent or distant upstream and downstream links with the study link, (2) the spatially relevant links are selected either by prejudgment or by correlation-coefficient analysis, and (3) studies develop forecasting methods in a corridor test sample, where all links are connected sequentially together, assume a similarity between the behaviour of both parallel and adjacent links, and overlook the competitive nature of traffic links.     

活断层错动位移下衬砌断面型式对隧道结构的影响

以棋盘石隧道为工程背景,采用有限元方法,设置五种不同仰拱半径的三心圆断面,对比研究了活动断层错动下不同衬砌断面型式对链式结构隧道受力及塑性变形的影响。结果表明:断层错动引起隧道二次衬砌受到拉张、剪切、挤压组合作用;断层错动引起的高应力带主要在断层带内的节段拱脚位置,且峰值位于上盘,剪切缝能有效地吸收断层错动产生的拉应力;在隧道断面不断趋向正圆的过程中,二次衬砌最大主应力、最小主应力、剪应力均呈减小趋势,等效塑性应变呈增大趋势。     

集聚经济视角下轨道交通投资对城市系统均衡的影响

随着城镇化进程加快,城市规模增加所带来的集聚效应和交通拥堵等负外部性之间的矛盾越来越突出,优化城市交通基础设施建设是缓解该矛盾的重要举措。本文同时考虑了集聚经济和交通拥挤两种外部性,构建并求解了一个两区域城市空间结构模型,分三种情况探究了轨道交通的投资引入和道路容量的优化对城市规模和城市空间结构均衡的影响。结果表明,轨道交通的投资引入能够增加城市人口规模和社会福利,使城市结构更加紧凑。但是,随着集聚经济水平的提高,城市规划者应逐步完善公交配套设施,以降低公交拥挤成本,提高公交出行分担率;还应制定相应的福利政策,避免由于个体效用下降而导致人口流出。