基于探地雷达的路基脱空病害图像自动识别

道路病害快速检测对于确保道路的安全和可靠运行至关重要。而探地雷达技术在道路病害检测中具有快速、无损和高分辨率等特征,因此被广泛应用。然而,以往的雷达图像处理和解译主要依赖人员的主观经验,易导致误判和漏判。为了解决这一问题,通过研究基于YOLO算法的图像识别方法,结合深度学习技术,开发一种智能化的道路病害识别系统,能够自动提取探地雷达图像中各类病害的特征,并实现高效、智能的识别,并通过钻孔验证,以确保识别结果的准确性,有效预防突发性道路塌陷的发生,提高道路的安全性和可靠性。     

重载快速大运量区段P60钢轨鱼鳞伤和剥离掉块的研究

随着重载快速的实施,P60钢轨鱼鳞伤和剥离掉块更加突出,发展更加迅速．本文通过对津浦、沪宁、沪杭等繁忙干线上的钢轨鱼鳞伤和刺离掉块情况的现场调查,总结了钢轨鱼鳞伤及剥离掉块发生发展规律及主要基本特征,运用赫兹接触理论、轮轨磨擦学理论和轮轨耦合动力学理论,分析了钢轨鱼鳞伤和剥离掉块的成因,提出了减缓和整治钢轨鱼鳞伤和剥离掉块的措施,     

钻孔灌注桩施工质量控制

桩基的施工往往深度较大,时间较长,各种不利情况随时都可能发生而导致废桩,因此必须慎重决策和严谨管理．才能减少或不发生返工,大幅度地提高灌注桩的合格品率,节约工程成本,降低工程造价。     

A decision support approach for condition-based maintenance of rails based on big data analysis

In this paper, a decision support approach is proposed for condition-based maintenance of rails relying on expert-based systems. The methodology takes into account both the actual conditions of the rails (using axle box acceleration measurements and rail video images) and the prior knowledge of the railway track. The approach provides an integrated estimation of the rail health conditions to support the maintenance decisions for a given time period. An expert-based system is defined to analyse interdependency between the prior knowledge of the track (defined by influential factors) and the surface defect measurements over the rail. When the rail health conditions is computed, the different track segments are prioritized, in order to facilitate grinding planning of those segments of rail that are prone to critical conditions. In this paper, real-life rail conditions measurements from the track Amersfoort-Weert in the Dutch railway network are used to show the benefits of the proposed methodology. The results support infrastructure managers to analyse the problems in their rail infrastructure and to efficiently perform a condition-based maintenance decision making.     

Data-driven optimization of railway maintenance for track geometry

Railway big data technologies are transforming the existing track inspection and maintenance policy deployed for railroads in North America. This paper develops a data-driven condition-based policy for the inspection and maintenance of track geometry. Both preventive maintenance and spot corrective maintenance are taken into account in the investigation of a 33-month inspection dataset that contains a variety of geometry measurements for every foot of track. First, this study separates the data based on the time interval of the inspection run, calculates the aggregate track quality index (TQI) for each track section, and predicts the track spot geo-defect occurrence probability using random forests. Then, a Markov chain is built to model aggregated track deterioration, and the spot geo-defects are modeled by a Bernoulli process. Finally, a Markov decision process (MDP) is developed for track maintenance decision making, and it is optimized by using a value iteration algorithm. Compared with the existing maintenance policy using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation, the maintenance policy developed in this paper results in an approximately 10% savings in the total maintenance costs for every 1 mile of track.     

焊接缺陷对机匣可靠性的影响

由于结构及工艺水平的限制,发动机机匣大多采用分段焊接而成,焊接缺陷在机匣焊缝较为常见,具体表现之一为焊缝中存在的链状气孔,超出标准要求的焊接缺陷有可能对发动机机匣的可靠性造成影响。本文通过对存在链状气孔缺陷的发动机机匣的检测、有限元计算模型简化和计算分析,确定了缺陷对机匣可靠性的影响。量化的缺陷影响区域和应力放大倍数对类似焊接缺陷的判定具有指导意义。     

T梁横隔梁错位控制

阐述T梁横隔梁错位的危害性,分析错位的成因,并提出错位控制原则;指出横隔梁钢模板斜角设计是错位控制的主要措施之一。检测结果表明错位控制效果达到设计规范要求。     

桥头软基设计与施工的改进建议

从设计与施工两方面分析软土路基上桥头跳车产生的原因,提出相应改进建议,供工程技术人员参考。     

基于视觉注意力和PLSA模型的钢轨表面缺陷检测

针对目前钢轨表面缺陷检测的速度,精度较低,分类较难的现状,提出一种基于视觉注意力和PLSA模型的钢轨表面缺陷检测方法;结合亮度和纹理特征的视觉注意力模型检测钢轨表面缺陷,提取原图像的缺陷区域,并采用PLSA模型对提取的缺陷进行分类。实验结果表明:所提出的方法提高了检测及分类的速度与精度,能满足钢轨表面缺陷检测的要求。     

浅析加气混凝土砌体墙体质量缺陷及防治措施

加气混凝土砌块作为一种新型的建筑墙体建材,被广泛应用于建筑工程中。但由于各种因素影响,使用加气混凝土砌块作为砌体材料的墙体较易出现裂缝、粉刷层空鼓、脱落、龟裂等质量缺陷,影响了建筑美观和墙体的整体性能以及建筑物的使用寿命。结合工程实例,对加气混凝土砌体墙体出现的质量通病及其产生的原因进行了系统分析,总结出了相应的防治措施,对今后类似的工程施工具有一定的借鉴作用。